Middleware for real‐time distributed simulations

McLean, Thom; Fujimoto, Richard M.; Fitzgibbons, J.B.

doi:10.1002/cpe.874

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…McLean implemented a HRT (Hard Real-time) RTI for better real-time performance. As a conclusion, he put forth that a better mechanism would be allowing RTI to determine a range of QoS requirements based upon publisher-subscriber pairs [11] . Zhao and Georganas [12] provided an extension to associate attributes with some priorities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LoI: Efficient relevance evaluation and filtering for distributed simulation

Zhou

2009

Sci. China Ser. F-Inf. Sci.

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In large-scale distributed simulation, thousands of objects keep moving and interacting in a virtual environment, which produces a mass of messages. High level architecture (HLA) is the prevailing standard for modeling and simulation. It specifies two publish-subscribe mechanisms for message filtering: class-based and value-based. However, the two mechanisms can only judge whether a message is relevant to a subscriber or not. Lacking of the ability to evaluate the relevance, all relevant messages are delivered with the same priority even when congestion occurs. It significantly limits the scalability and performance of distributed simulation. Aiming to solve the relevance evaluation problem, speed up message filtering, and filter more unnecessary messages, a new relevance evaluation mechanism Layer of Interest (LoI) was proposed by this paper. LoI defines a relevance classifier based on the impact of spatial distance on receiving attributes and attribute values. An adaptive publish-subscribe scheme was built on the basis of LoI. This scheme can abandon most irrelevant messages directly. Run-time infrastructure (RTI) can also apply congestion control by reducing the frequency of sending or receiving object messages based on each objects' LoI. The experiment results verify the efficiency of message filtering and RTI congestion control. distributed simulation, high level architecture (HLA), relevance evaluation, layer of interest (LoI), run-time infrastructure (RTI)

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in refs. [11,12] use some QoS requirements as the parameters, and then RTI or underling network can treat messages on their parameters. McLean implemented a HRT (Hard Real-time) RTI for better real-time performance.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoI: Efficient relevance evaluation and filtering for distributed simulation

Zhou

2009

Sci. China Ser. F-Inf. Sci.

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“…There have been some efforts that aim at integrating these real-time requirements into the middleware (RTI). [15][16][17][18] However, these efforts did not lead to standardization and HLA still fails to grant standardized support for real-time applications.…”

Section: Real-time Hlamentioning

confidence: 99%

Running High Level Architecture in Real-Time for Flight Simulator Integration

Gerlach

Durak

Knüppel

et al. 2016

AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference

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DLR's Air Vehicle Simulator (AVES) is designed such that interchangeable cockpits of an EC135 rotorcraft and an A320 airplane can be operated either on a motion or on a fixedbase platform. While the EC135 and the A320 simulators are usually deployed standalone, there are emerging requirements to conduct simulator experiments that both simulators are involved in. Further demands include adding a traffic server for computer generated aircraft and a tower simulator to the simulation facility. To tackle the challenge of developing a complex distributed network simulation, the High Level Architecture (HLA) and AviationSimNet are selected as the underlying standards. As the AVES is a flight simulation facility with hard real-time constraints, the chosen HLA implementation, which is CERTI from ONERA, has to fulfill the deterministic processing and data exchange requirements. CERTI had to be ported to the AVES's real-time operating system QNX, and integrated into the core software infrastructure, the AVES Software Development Kit. To prove the usability of the real-time implementation, the worst case transfer times are measured for typical scenarios in order to validate the solution. Finally, a full scale implementation is carried out in AVES. NomenclatureACT/FHS = Active Control Technology/Flying Helicopter Simulator ADS-B = Automatic Dependent Surveillance -Broadcast API = Advanced Technology Research Aircraft ATRA = Advanced Technology Research Aircraft AVES = Air Vehicle Simulator DIS = Distributed Interaction Simulation DLR = Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt e.V.

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“…Wuerfel [21] researched the performance problem of HLA for the first time, and pointed out its shortcoming in performance. McLean and Fujimoto [22] designed a real-time distributed simulation middleware for HIL simulation application. Brutzman and Zyda [23,24] designed VRTP(virtual reality transfer protocol) in order to overcome the shortcoming of TCP and UDP and adapt to the requirement of distributed realtime interaction.…”

Section: Research Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A time management optimization framework for large-scale distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation

Dong

2013

Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation

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Large-scale distributed HIL(Hardware-In-The-Loop) simulation is an important and indispensable method for testing and verifying complex engineering systems. An important necessary condition for realizing HIL simulation is that the speedup ratio of full-speed simulation must be greater than 1, and satisfying this condition becomes more and more difficult with the ceaselessly increasing scale of simulation. Aiming at the problem how to maximizing the speedup ratio, a time management optimization framework for large-scale distributed HIL simulation is proposed in this paper. Different from other works on performance optimization of HIL simulation, in this paper, the problem is focused on simulation speedup ratio and is considered in the range of analysis simulation, which means causal abnormity is intolerable. According to this goal, a new formal description framework of distributed simulation is given based on the automata theory. Then the basic objective and condition of distributed simulation are formally analyzed, which results in the conclusion that the classical Local Causality Constraint for distributed simulation is only a sufficient condition rather than sufficient and necessary condition. Based on this, the optimization problem for simulation speedup ratio is radically analyzed and the overall strategy for this problem is given. Considering different conditions, two different levels of optimization mechanisms respectively for time advance and task partition are given. And finally, the application and experiment result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Middleware for real‐time distributed simulations

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

LoI: Efficient relevance evaluation and filtering for distributed simulation

LoI: Efficient relevance evaluation and filtering for distributed simulation

Running High Level Architecture in Real-Time for Flight Simulator Integration

A time management optimization framework for large-scale distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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