The present study examines how individuals with different social value orientations (i.e. prosocial, individualistic, and competitive) construe the rationality, morality, and power of choices in four distinct interdependence structures which systematically differ in the motives that could underlie the most prosocial or least aggressive choice: (a) altruism only, (b) altruism and cooperation, (c) altruism, cooperation, and individualism, and (d) altruism, cooperation, individualism, and competition. Results revealed that rationality ratings, and to a lesser degree morality and power ratings, increased most when the motives that could underlie a choice were part of the perceiver's social value orientation. Overall, the pattern of rationality ratings provided reasonable support for the Goal Prescribes Rationality Principle. Ratings of morality and power suggested a corresponding Goal Prescribes Morality/Power Principle (for prosocials and individualists), but revealed only mixed support for the Might Over Morality Hypothesis. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The ways in which conflicts of interests are solved and fruitful cooperation is established and maintained is importantly determined by whether individuals seek to enhance joint outcomes along with equality (Van Lange, 1999) in outcomes (prosocial orientation), their personal outcomes (individualistic orientation), or their relative advantage over others (competitive orientation). These three types of social value orientation (McClintock, 1978;Messick & McClintock, 1968) are predictive of cooperative and competitive behavior in experimental games and social dilemmas (e.g. Kramer, McClintock, & Messick, 1986;Kuhlman & Marshello, 1975;Liebrand, Wilke, Vogel, & Wolters, 1986b;Parks, 1994) & Teta, 1992;Sattler & Kerr, 1991;Van Lange & Kuhlman, 1994). Consistent with some basic principles of interdependence theory (Kelley & Thibaut, 1978), these lines of research focusing on construal have provided good evidence that prosocials, individualists, and competitors differ in the meaning they attach to cooperative versus noncooperative behavior. This research suggests the importance of three dimensions of construal-morality, rationality, and power-which are similar to the classic dimensions of evaluation (morality) and potency (power) identified by Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum (1957), and the dimensions of social desirability (morality) and intellectual desirability (rationality) identified in the literature on person perception and implicit personality theories (e.g. Rosenberg & Sedlak, 1972;Schneider, 1973).The purpose of the present study is to understand how individuals with prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations construe the rationality, morality, and power of the most benevolent (or least aggressive) choice across four distinct interdependence structures: (a) convergence (contrasting altruism with cooperation, individualism, competition, and aggression), (b) prisoner's dilemma (contrasting altruism and cooperation with individualism,...