Mind and movement

Heuer, Herbert; Sülzenbrück, Sandra

doi:10.1007/s00426-011-0332-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…This hypothesis assumes that the control structure remains hierarchical, but the outer loop strategically slows the rate at which movements are initiated in the inner loop, so that the outer loop has time to observe and register the output of the inner loop. Explicit awareness is slow (Heuer & Sulzenbruk, 2012), and encoding information into short-term memory (STM) takes time (Sperling, 1963; Woodman & Vogel, 2008), whichindicates that the slowing must be substantial. Moreover, the strategic slowing hypothesis allows for task-appropriate flexibility in keystroke execution rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring-induced disruption in skilled typewriting.

Snyder¹,

Logan²

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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It is often disruptive to attend to the details of one's expert performance. The current work presents four experiments that utilized a monitor to report protocol to evaluate the sufficiency of three accounts of monitoring-induced disruption. The inhibition hypothesis states that disruption results from costs associated with preparing to withhold inappropriate responses. The dual-task hypothesis states that disruption results from maintaining monitored information in working memory. The implicit-explicit hypothesis states that disruption results from explicitly monitoring details of performance that are normally implicit. The findings suggest that all three hypotheses are sufficient to produce disruption, but inhibition and dual-task costs are not necessary. Experiment 1 showed that monitoring to report was disruptive even when there was no requirement to inhibit. Experiment 2 showed that maintaining information in working memory caused some disruption but much less than monitoring to report. Experiment 4 showed that monitoring to inhibit was more disruptive than monitoring to report, suggesting that monitoring is more disruptive when it is combined with other task requirements, such as inhibition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring-induced disruption in skilled typewriting.

Snyder¹,

Logan²

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…Learning of a tool's transformation, however, also involves an implicit process that is outside conscious awareness [14]–[15]. This process requires hand-position information as well, although its sources might differ from the sources of conscious awareness of hand position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and Explicit Representations of Hand Position in Tool Use

Rand

Heuer

2013

PLoS ONE

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Understanding the interactions of visual and proprioceptive information in tool use is important as it is the basis for learning of the tool's kinematic transformation and thus skilled performance. This study investigated how the CNS combines seen cursor positions and felt hand positions under a visuo-motor rotation paradigm. Young and older adult participants performed aiming movements on a digitizer while looking at rotated visual feedback on a monitor. After each movement, they judged either the proprioceptively sensed hand direction or the visually sensed cursor direction. We identified asymmetric mutual biases with a strong visual dominance. Furthermore, we found a number of differences between explicit and implicit judgments of hand directions. The explicit judgments had considerably larger variability than the implicit judgments. The bias toward the cursor direction for the explicit judgments was about twice as strong as for the implicit judgments. The individual biases of explicit and implicit judgments were uncorrelated. Biases of these judgments exhibited opposite sequential effects. Moreover, age-related changes were also different between these judgments. The judgment variability was decreased and the bias toward the cursor direction was increased with increasing age only for the explicit judgments. These results indicate distinct explicit and implicit neural representations of hand direction, similar to the notion of distinct visual systems.

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“…Somewhat intermediate processes, such as the adjustments of movements to extrinsic visuo-motor transformations, can be both (cf. Heuer et al, 2011; Heuer and Sülzenbrück, 2012b). In the present paper we have used the term “internal model” indiscriminately for implicit and explicit knowledge of the transformation, but it may be useful to more clearly distinguish the internal model which represents implicit knowledge and results in adaptation proper from explicit knowledge which is used for strategic corrections (cf.…”

Section: Internal Models Of Complex Visuo-motor Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards mastery of complex visuo-motor transformations

Heuer¹,

Sülzenbrück²

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In this paper we review and integrate a set of findings on learning the transformation of a sliding first-order lever, a type of tool with a prominent role in minimal access surgery. Its kinematic transformation is characterized by the so-called fulcrum effect, the inversion of the movement direction of the tip of the lever relative to that of the hand for rotations. A second characteristic is gain anisotropy, which results in curved paths of the tip of the lever for straight paths of the hand and vice versa. An internal model of the kinematic transformation is acquired during practice, the accuracy of which can be assessed in visual open-loop test trials. The accuracy of the acquired internal model is enhanced when visual closed-loop control during practice is impeded, and the accuracy of the internal model is reduced when closed-loop control during practice is facilitated. The internal model consists of a rapidly acquired line-symmetric approximation to the transformation of the sliding lever and a slowly acquired fine tuning. The fine tuning is local, that is, it is specific for the region of the workspace encountered during practice. The internal model is transferred to other regions of the workspace, but not adjusted to the fine tuning appropriate for these regions. Whereas the symmetry approximation is most likely explicit, the fine tuning seems to be represented implicitly. Findings on the straightness of the paths of the tip of the lever and the hand suggest that the internal model of the transformation is confined to initial and final positions of aimed movements, whereas their path is not strictly controlled, but affected by the dynamic transformation of the tool. Only when visual closed-loop control is possible, the path of the effective part of the tool is straightened. These characteristics of the internal model of the sliding first-order lever and its acquisition may be partly specific to sufficiently complex extrinsic transformations that arise from mechanical or electronic extensions of the body.

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Mind and movement

Cited by 8 publications

References 78 publications

Monitoring-induced disruption in skilled typewriting.

Monitoring-induced disruption in skilled typewriting.

Implicit and Explicit Representations of Hand Position in Tool Use

Towards mastery of complex visuo-motor transformations

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