Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents

Marusak, Hilary A.; Elrahal, Farrah; Peters, Craig; Kundu, Prantik; Lombardo, Michael; Calhoun, Vince D.; Goldberg, Elimelech; Cohen, Carl M.; Taub, Jeffrey W.; Rabinak, Christine A.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.010

Cited by 86 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Of note, even prior to ME-ICA denoising, head motion was relatively low across the sample (see Table 1 ). For participants in the higher range of motion, ME-ICA sufficiently flattens out the DVARS trace (i.e., rate of change of BOLD signal across the entire brain at each time point; Power et al, 2012 ), see Marusak et al (2017) for demonstration. Additionally, mean FD was not related to our main variable of interest, trait resilience ( r = 0.16, p = 0.27), nor depressive symptoms ( r = −0.04, p = 0.76).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents

Iadipaolo

Marusak

Paulisin

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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BackgroundMost children who are exposed to threat-related adversity (e.g., violence, abuse, neglect) are resilient - that is, they show stable trajectories of healthy psychological development. Despite this, most research on neurodevelopmental changes following adversity has focused on the neural correlates of negative outcomes, such as psychopathology. The neural correlates of trait resilience in pediatric populations are unknown, and it is unclear whether they are distinct from those related to adversity exposure and the absence of negative outcomes (e.g., depressive symptomology).MethodsThis functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study reports on a diverse sample of 55 children and adolescents (ages 6–17 years) recruited from a range of stressful environments (e.g., lower income, threat-related adversity exposure). Participants completed a multi-echo multi-band resting-state fMRI scan and self-report measures of trait resilience and emotion-related symptomology (e.g., depressive symptoms). Resting-state data were submitted to an independent component analysis (ICA) to identify core neurocognitive networks (salience and emotion network [SEN], default mode network [DMN], central executive network [CEN]). We tested for links among trait resilience and dynamic (i.e., time-varying) as well as conventional static (i.e., averaged across the entire session) resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of core neurocognitive networks.ResultsYouth with higher trait resilience spent a lower fraction of time in a particular dynamic rsFC state, characterized by heightened rsFC between the anterior DMN and right CEN. Within this state, trait resilience was associated with lower rsFC of the SEN with the right CEN and anterior DMN. There were no associations among trait resilience and conventional static rsFC. Importantly, although more resilient youth reported lower depressive symptoms, the effects of resilience on rsFC were independent of depressive symptoms and adversity exposure.ConclusionsThe present study is the first to report on the neural correlates of trait resilience in youth, and offers initial insight into potential adaptive patterns of brain organization in the context of environmental stressors. Understanding the neural dynamics underlying positive adaptation to early adversity will aid in the development of interventions that focus on strengthening resilience rather than mitigating already-present psychological problems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ). Templates and further details regarding component identification is described in detail in our prior work ( Marusak et al, 2016 , 2017 ). Observed group aggregate spatial maps of the 5 components of interest ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents

Iadipaolo

Marusak

Paulisin

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…Ischemic stroke, accounts for 80% of stroke, which is mainly caused by an insufficient supply of glucose and oxygen to central nervous system (CNS) tissue and thus resulting in a significant amount of cell damages [2]. A series of complex cellular and biochemical molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathology, such as the excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, eventually leading to a loss of neurological functions and even cell death [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3) Enhances PC12 Cell Hypoxia Injury by Targeting MiR-147

Han

Dong

Liu

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Cerebral ischemia often leads to breakdown of blood–brain barrier (BBB) and vasogenic edema. It remains to be established whether MEG3 is responsible for the hypoxic damage in neural cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of MEG3 in the hypoxia-induced injuries of PC12 cells. Methods: The PC12 cells were seeded and cultured under hypoxia and normoxia culture conditions. The cell viability determined by trypan blue exclusion, apoptosis using propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated Annexin V staining, cell-migration using a modified two-chamber migration assay with a pore size of 8 µM and invasion using 24-well Millicell Hanging Cell Culture inserts with 8 µM PET membranes. Results: Cell viability, relative migration and relative invasion decreased significantly in PC12 cells injured due to hypoxia as compared to control cells. An increase in apoptosis was also observed. The expression of MEG3 was up-regulated in hypoxia-injured PC12 cells. MEG3 overexpression enhanced hypoxia injuries, while MEG3 suppression attenuated the injuries. Meanwhile, MEG3 negatively regulated miR-147 expression. In addition, we found that the expression of Sox2 was increased in PC12 cells after hypoxia and miR-147 negatively regulated Sox2 expression through targets its 3’-UTR. Interesting, Sox2 activated NF-κB pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in PC12 cells. Conclusion: Considering the observations in our study, we can conclude that MEG3 aggravated the hypoxial injury in PC12 cells by down-regulating miR-147 gene and miR-147 further negatively regulated Sox2 expression.

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“…These parameters can then be probed for association with measures of inter-or intra-individual differences (e.g. (Beaty, et al 2018;Marusak, et al 2018;Vidaurre, et al 2017b)). State-based approaches can differ in whether they assume smooth transitions between states (Allen, et al 2014;Ou, et al 2015) or instantaneous reconfigurations Yaesoubi, et al 2018), their focus on a particular signal domain (e.g.…”

Section: Example 1: Data-driven Models Of Tvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these challenges, many fundamental questions about the relationship between TVC and ongoing cognition necessitate the application of these methods, and there exists an emerging literature demonstrating their feasibility and utility (Kucyi, et al 2018b). Numerous studies suggest that BOLD TVC is associated with a variety of "spontaneous" cognitive dynamics including memory reactivations (Tambini and Davachi 2013), variations in perceptual performance Thompson, et al 2013a), changes in arousal indexed by pupil diameter (Shine, et al 2016a), and self-reported stimulus-independent thoughts (Chou, et al 2017;Kucyi and Davis 2014;Kucyi, et al 2013;Marusak, et al 2018;Mittner, et al 2014). Although these studies did not all include 'pure rest' conditions, the types of cognitive processes they investigated are all likely to fluctuate during typical wakeful rest.…”

Section: Bold Tvc and "Spontaneous" Cognition During The Resting Statementioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI

Lurie¹,

Kessler²,

Bassett³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The brain is a complex dynamical system composed of many interacting sub-regions. Knowledge of how these interactions reconfigure over time is critical to a full understanding of the brain’s functional architecture, the neural basis of flexible cognition and behavior, and how neural systems are disrupted in psychiatric and neurological illness. The idea that we might be able to study neural and cognitive dynamics through analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods which seek to estimate moment-to-moment fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as “dynamic” or time-varying connectivity; TVC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVC analyses to resting fMRI data, and about the statistical validity, physiological origins, and cognitive relevance of resting TVC. These and other unresolved issues complicate the interpretation of resting TVC findings and limit the insights which can be gained from this otherwise promising research area. This article reviews the current resting TVC literature in light of these issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize current controversies and open questions, and present a forward-looking perspective on how resting TVC analyses can be rigorously applied to investigate a wide range of questions in cognitive and systems neuroscience.

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Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents

Abstract: Our results provide new evidence that mindfulness in youth relates to functional neural dynamics and interactions between neurocognitive networks, over time.

Cited by 86 publications

References 42 publications

Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents

Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents

Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3) Enhances PC12 Cell Hypoxia Injury by Targeting MiR-147

On the nature of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI

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