Mineral supplementation stimulates the immune system and antioxidant responses of dairy cows and reduces somatic cell counts in milk

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of subcutaneous mineral supplementation would affect metabolic parameters, immunological response, milk quality and composition of dairy cows in the postpartum period. Twelve pregnant primiparous Holstein cows, were divided into two groups: six animals supplemented with the mineral complex (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium and copper), and six animals used as controls. Milk samples were collected every two other weeks postpartum up to sixty days of lactation to analyze composition and quality. Blood samples were collected, and the levels of ketone bodies, total proteins, glucose, albumin, and globulin were measured. The catalase and superoxide enzymes, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins were determined. Animals supplemented with minerals showed lower levels of ketone bodies and somatic cell counts on days 30, 45 and 60 of the experiment, without changes in milk composition compared to the control group. Supplemented cows had lower levels reactive oxygen species and increased superoxide enzymes activity. Total protein, globulin and cytokine levels were higher in cows supplemented with mineral complexes. Therefore, we can conclude that subcutaneous mineral supplementation improved the immune response and minimized the oxidative stress in dairy cows during lactation.

Blood Biochemical Profiles and Pregnancy Rate of Brahman Crossbred Cows Supplemented with Mineral Mixture

“…Serum glucose concentrations were 54.47; 70.57 and 66.7 mg dl-in the CON, MM-A and MM-B treatments, respectively and there were no differences between mineral supplementation treatments. Similar findings with (Warken et al, 2018) that mineral supplementation on cows diet among 3, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of treatment did not affect blood glucose. Blood glucose concentration is one of the biochemical indicators of body energy supply (Xuan et al, 2018).…”

Auto-hemoterapia associada a terapia medicamentosa como tratamento de papilomatose bovina / Self-hemotherapy associated with medicinal therapy as treatment of bovine papillomatosis

“…A suplementação com Fosfosal® gera aumento dos níveis de citocinas, assim como IL-1 e TNF estimulando a produção de IL-6 pelas células musculares lisas, aumentando a expressão de macrófagos e como consequência aumento da imunidade (WARKEN, 2018).…”

“…Fatores como a nutrição e consequente estado imunológico do animal são condicionantes na resposta ao tratamento, uma vez que a auto-hemoterapia estimula o sistema imunológico por aumento da produção de macrófagos (GONÇALVES et al, 2019). Em estudo com aplicação de suplementação mineral subcutânea em vacas com produtos comerciais compostos basicamente por cobre, magnésio e selênio, Warken et al (2018), encontraram resultados positivos na resposta imunológica e saúdo dos animais.…”

Organic supplementation of Cu and Se in the diets of Normande dairy cows

“…Con respecto a la concentración adecuada en la dieta, Sun et al (21) evaluaron el efecto de diferentes dosis de selenito de sodio e hidroxiselenometionina (0; 0.1; 0.3 y 0.5 mg/kg MS), observaron que ni el nivel de suplementación, ni la fuente de Se, no afectaron la producción y calidad de la leche, excepto el porcentaje de grasa, que aumentó gradualmente, a medida que aumentó el nivel de suplementación de Se orgánico. Esto es consistente con lo informado por muchos autores que encontraron que no había diferencias en la producción y calidad de la leche al usar fuentes orgánicas o inorgánicas (22,23,24). Sin embargo, varios autores han informado un aumento en la producción de leche al suplementar con Se orgánico en cabras (20,25).…”