Mineralization of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate by a Four-Member Aerobic Bacterial Consortium

Jiménez, Luis; Breen, Alec; Thomas, Nikki Lynn; Federle, Thomas W.; Sayler, Gary S.

doi:10.1128/aem.57.5.1566-1569.1991

Cited by 105 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, a deep understanding of LAS degradation processes in Nature is difficult, because enclosed experiments do not fully represent the marine reality, and pure bacterial cultures capable of LAS mineralization are lacking. This last situation suggests that LAS is predominantly biodegraded by a consortia of bacteria, as the reports of several groups affirm (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Microbial aspects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate degradation in coastal water

Vives-Rego

López-Amorós

Garcı́a

et al. 2000

J Surfact & Detergents

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Viable and total bacteria were determined during linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) degradation in coastal seawater. Viable bacteria were determined by plate counts on marine agar media, while total bacteria were determined by flow cytometry after SYTO-13 staining. LAS degradation was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Seawater samples with LAS at 5 mg/L, incubated in the laboratory (20°C, 100 rpm, 30 d), showed in most cases a similar evolution in bacterioplankton abundance over time, characterized by three phases: (i) a progressive increase in bacterial density; (ii) a later decrease; and (iii) a fluctuating stationary phase. Bacterioplankton degraded the LAS by growing to populations with a high percentage of viable bacteria. The bacteria were rapidly grazed by protozoa, preventing anomalous high bacterial growth and ensuring the later channeling of LAS carbon to upper trophic levels.Paper no. S1154 in JSD 3, 303-308 (July 2000). KEY WORDS:Biodegradation, flow cytometry, LAS, marine bacteria, sea water, SYTO-13.Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic, biodegradable compound and one of the most widely used surfactants (1). Although LAS biodegradation has been frequently reported (2-5), studies on LAS biodegradation in the marine environment are relatively scarce (6-11). Coastal biodegradation data are of relevance, since littoral water is the final recipient of domestic and industrial wastewater. An understanding of the microbial and ecological basis of LAS degradation is important because of the volume and diversity of its usage and disposal. However, a deep understanding of LAS degradation processes in Nature is difficult, because enclosed experiments do not fully represent the marine reality, and pure bacterial cultures capable of LAS mineralization are lacking. This last situation suggests that LAS is predominantly biodegraded by a consortia of bacteria, as the reports of several groups affirm (12-15).The assessment of the impact of surfactants on coastal bacterioplankton is crucial because naturally occurring bacteria are the main (if not the only) agents responsible for the degradation and recycling of xenobiotics in Nature. However, studies of the effects of surfactants on naturally-occurring bacteria are scarce (16-20), mostly due to the lack of adequate techniques to study the changes in aquatic bacterial populations and their activities. A limiting step when studying LAS-degrading marine consortia is that most (>90%) marine bacteria are not cultivable in standard media (21,22), and so when a LAS-degrading consortium is used to isolate its individuals, some basic strains may be missed. It has already been reported that bacterial biomass produced when marine microorganism growth takes place at the expense of LAS is channeled to higher trophic levels by protozoa grazing (23,24). Protozoa, one of the most sensitive bioindicators of ecotoxicity in Nature, are more sensitive than bacteria, algae, invertebrates, and fish to the toxic effects of pollutants. Recent technol...

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confidence: 65%

Microbial aspects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate degradation in coastal water

Vives-Rego

López-Amorós

Garcı́a

et al. 2000

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…3-and 4-chlorobiphenyl). Requirement of the combined action of different bacterial species for degradation of xenobiotics has been reported in a number of cases (Gunner and Zuckerman, 1968;Daughton and Hsieh, 1977;Feinberg et al, 1980;Lappin et al, 1985;Tagger et al, 1990;Jime Â nez et al, 1991;Wolfaardt et al, 1994;Ramos et al, 1996;de Souza et al, 1998;Park et al, 1999). Based on experiments with liquid-grown co-cultures and pure cultures, evidence has been presented that microbial degradation of xenobiotics may be improved by combining genes encoding degradative capabilities from different organisms into one organism (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of commensal relationships on the spatial structure of a surface‐attached microbial consortium

Nielsen

Tolker‐Nielsen

Barken

et al. 2000

Environmental Microbiology

186

131

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A flow cell-grown model consortium consisting of two organisms, Burkholderia sp. LB400 and Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1), was studied. These bacteria have the potential to interact metabolically because Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) can metabolize chlorobenzoate produced by Burkholderia sp. LB400 when grown on chlorobiphenyl. The expected metabolic interactions in the consortium were demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The spatial structure of the consortium was studied by fluorescent in situ rRNA hybridization and scanning confocal laser microscopy. When the consortium was fed with medium containing a low concentration of chlorobiphenyl, microcolonies consisting of associated Burkholderia sp. LB400 and Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) bacteria were formed, and separate Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) microcolonies were evidently not formed. When the consortium was fed citrate, which can be metabolized by both species, the two species formed separate microcolonies. The structure development In the consortium was studied online using a gfp-tagged Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) derivative. After a shift In carbon source from citrate to a low concentration of chlorobiphenyl, movement of the Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) bacteria led to a change in the spatial structure of the consortium from the unassociated form towards the associated form within a few days. Experiments Involving a gfp-based Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) growth activity reporter strain Indicated that chlorobenzoate supporting growth of Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) is located close to the Burkholderia sp. LB400 microcolonies in chlorobiphenyl-grown consortia.

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“…Some 2AE5 million tonnes of commercial linear alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) surfactants (the annual production; Schulze 1996) are degraded every year, but our understanding of the degradative process is largely limited to saying that a microbial community is essential (Jiménez et al 1991;Sigoillot and Nguyen 1992;Begonja 1998, 2000;Schleheck et al 2000;Schulz et al 2000). Little is known about the degradative pathway(s) involved (Cook 1998;Eichhorn and Knepper 2002), which are usually simplified to the scheme of x-oxygenation (and oxidation) to long-chain sulphophenylcarboxylates (lc-SPC), b-oxidation via medium-chain sulphophenylcarboxylates (mc-SPC) to short-chain sulphophenylcarboxylates (sc-SPC) followed by the complex of ring cleavage and desulphonation (Swisher 1987;Schöberl 1989;Cook 1998); an extension of this concept involves two x-oxygenations and sulphophenyldicarboxylate (SPdC) intermediates, which are also observed (di Corcia et al 1994(di Corcia et al , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvibaculum lavamentivorans converts linear alkylbenzenesulphonate surfactant to sulphophenylcarboxylates, alpha,beta-unsaturated sulphophenylcarboxylates and sulphophenyldicarboxylates, which are degraded in communities

Dong

Eichhorn²,

Radajewski

et al. 2004

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims:The aims were to test whether Parvibaculum lavamentivorans T degraded commercial linear alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) surfactant via x-oxygenation and b-oxidation to sulphophenylcarboxylates (SPCs), whether the organism was widespread and reisolable, and whether the degradative community used the 4-sulphocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase to cleave the aromatic ring from LAS. Methods and Results: Heterotrophic P. lavamentivorans T converted LAS (side chain length C 10 -C 13 ) to SPCs (C 4 -C 13 ), a,b-unsaturated SPCs (C 4 -C 13 ) and sulphophenyldicarboxylates (SPdCs) (at least C 8 -C 12 ). Identifications came from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, an electrospray interface and mass spectrometry. No evidence for other paths was found. The degradation of LAS in trickling filters inoculated with environmental samples always showed transient SPC intermediates (HPLC) and the presence of the P. lavamentivorans morphotype in the community. One new isolate was obtained. A community able to mineralize LAS contained 4-sulphocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase at high specific activity. Conclusions: Parvibaculum lavamentivoransT degrades commercial LAS via x-oxygenation, oxidation and chain shortening through b-oxidation to yield a wide range of SPCs. The latter are degraded in bacterial communities which contain organisms like P. lavamentivorans, and which utilize sulphocatechol dioxygenase for ring cleavage. Significance and Impact of the Study: There is one widespread pathway to degrade LAS. Any traces of LAS and larger amounts of SPCs in the effluent from sewage works are exposed to degradative organisms in acclimated and pristine environments. These degradative reactions can now be studied in pure cultures.

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Mineralization of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate by a Four-Member Aerobic Bacterial Consortium

Cited by 105 publications

References 18 publications

Microbial aspects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate degradation in coastal water

Microbial aspects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate degradation in coastal water

Role of commensal relationships on the spatial structure of a surface‐attached microbial consortium

Parvibaculum lavamentivorans converts linear alkylbenzenesulphonate surfactant to sulphophenylcarboxylates, alpha,beta-unsaturated sulphophenylcarboxylates and sulphophenyldicarboxylates, which are degraded in communities

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