Parvibaculum lavamentivorans converts linear alkylbenzenesulphonate surfactant to sulphophenylcarboxylates, alpha,beta-unsaturated sulphophenylcarboxylates and sulphophenyldicarboxylates, which are degraded in communities

Abstract

Aims:The aims were to test whether Parvibaculum lavamentivorans T degraded commercial linear alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) surfactant via x-oxygenation and b-oxidation to sulphophenylcarboxylates (SPCs), whether the organism was widespread and reisolable, and whether the degradative community used the 4-sulphocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase to cleave the aromatic ring from LAS. Methods and Results: Heterotrophic P. lavamentivorans T converted LAS (side chain length C 10 -C 13 ) to SPCs (C 4 -C 13 ), a,b-unsaturated SPCs (C 4 -C 13 ) and sulphophenyldicarboxylates (SPdCs) (at least C 8 -C 12 ). Identifications came from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, an electrospray interface and mass spectrometry. No evidence for other paths was found. The degradation of LAS in trickling filters inoculated with environmental samples always showed transient SPC intermediates (HPLC) and the presence of the P. lavamentivorans morphotype in the community. One new isolate was obtained. A community able to mineralize LAS contained 4-sulphocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase at high specific activity. Conclusions: Parvibaculum lavamentivoransT degrades commercial LAS via x-oxygenation, oxidation and chain shortening through b-oxidation to yield a wide range of SPCs. The latter are degraded in bacterial communities which contain organisms like P. lavamentivorans, and which utilize sulphocatechol dioxygenase for ring cleavage. Significance and Impact of the Study: There is one widespread pathway to degrade LAS. Any traces of LAS and larger amounts of SPCs in the effluent from sewage works are exposed to degradative organisms in acclimated and pristine environments. These degradative reactions can now be studied in pure cultures.

Mineralization of Individual Congeners of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate by Defined Pairs of Heterotrophic Bacteria

“…These congeners are degraded to a mixture of sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPCs), sulfophenyldicarboxylates (SPdCs), and ␣,␤-unsaturated sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPC-2Hs) by Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1 T in a pattern that confirms that the degradative pathway involves -oxygenation and ␤-oxidation (5,30), as first illustrated in mixed cultures by Eichhorn and Knepper (6). This mixture of products is termed SP(d)C. Strain DS-1 T generates mainly 4-(4-sulfophenyl)hexanoate (4-C6-SPC) from 3-(4-sulfophenyl)dodecane (3-C12-LAS) (5,28). Cook and Hrsák (4) deduced a three-tier model for the degradation of LAS initiated by methanotrophic bacteria and completed by heterotrophic bacteria and for purely heterotrophic degradation in which SPdCs played an important role.…”

“…At that time, however, routine analytical-chemical methods for LAS-derived compounds were largely unavailable in microbiology laboratories (6,22,33), and also the lack of pure cultures (14,28,30,32) prevented advances. The first suggestions concerning community structure were, however, made (4,5,14,39).…”

Quantificação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonato em estação de tratamento de efluentes e rios por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e extração em fase sólida

“…Esse resultado foi associado ao efeito do impedimento estérico, causado pelo grupo fenilsulfonato, o qual é menor nos isômeros em que ele está mais distante do final da cadeia linear, onde a degradação é iniciada. 35,36 Essa constatação pode ser estendida aos demais homólogos, pois têm a mesma função química, diferindo apenas no número de átomos de carbonos na cadeia linear. Ainda, os isômeros com o grupo fenilsulfonato em uma mesma posição são mais facilmente degradados nos homólogos com cadeias lineares maiores, pois estão mais distantes do final da cadeia.…”

Effect of additional carbon source on biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by las-utilizing bacteria

“…Ultimate degradation of LAS involves the action of two or three tiers of bacteria. 6 The first tier organisms possess enzymes for ω-and β-oxidation of the alkyl chains. The second tier organisms convert the resultant long chain SPCs (lc-SPCs) by further β-oxidation of the alkyl chain, forming short chains SPCs (sc-SPCs).…”