“…Higher-level process and problem solving skills needed by chemistry and biochemistry graduates have previously been described, − and laboratory experience is believed to play an important role in developing these skills; however, traditional expository laboratory design has not been shown to purposefully develop these skills. − Inquiry-based design is an alternative approach to traditional “cookbook” style laboratories, and varying levels of inquiry in the undergraduate laboratory have been defined with higher levels of inquiry such as guided-inquiry and open-inquiry sometimes referred to as discovery learning . Process-oriented guided-inquiry learning (POGIL) is a form of student-centered inquiry-based pedagogy that was developed in chemical education. − Laboratory activities and experiments based on POGIL have been incorporated into all levels and areas of chemical education, − and POGIL has branched out to be incorporated into a number of other educational fields including biomechanics, pharmacy, foreign languages, computer science, and financial literacy . Additionally, inquiry has been utilized in other aspects of the laboratory curriculum to improve information literacy, report writing, and notebook keeping skills. − As opposed to the lower-level cognitive processes of knowledge, comprehension, and application which are reinforced in the traditional expository laboratory, inquiry-based laboratory methods are proposed to model the higher-level cognitive processes of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation .…”