miRNAs: biological and clinical determinants in epilepsy

Abstract

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be crucial modulators in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of epilepsies. To date, several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be significantly expressed in the epileptic tissues and strongly associated with the development of epilepsy. Specifically, miRNAs regulate synaptic strength, inflammation, neuronal and glial function, ion channels, and apoptosis. Furthermore, peripheral blood miRNAs can also be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers to assess disease risk and treatment responses. Here, we will summarize the recent available literature regarding the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy. Moreover, we will provide brief insight into the potential of miRNA as diagnostic biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy.

MicroRNA and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Whole miRNome profiling of human hippocampus

“…This validation cohort proved the same expression pattern of 26 miRNAs validated in the technical validation. The up‐regulation of miR‐129‐1‐3p, miR‐129‐2‐3p, miR‐193b‐3p, miR‐195‐5p, miR‐374b‐5p, and miR‐451a is consistent with previous studies performed on epileptic patients with mTLE+HS or other epilepsy subtypes (Table ) . We also discovered up‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐142‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐144‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, and miR‐874‐3p) that have been studied with the same results only in rodent models so far .…”

“…The up‐regulation of miR‐129‐1‐3p, miR‐129‐2‐3p, miR‐193b‐3p, miR‐195‐5p, miR‐374b‐5p, and miR‐451a is consistent with previous studies performed on epileptic patients with mTLE+HS or other epilepsy subtypes (Table ) . We also discovered up‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐142‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐144‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, and miR‐874‐3p) that have been studied with the same results only in rodent models so far . Our list includes miRNAs associated with other neuropathologies: Alzheimer's disease (miR‐142‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, and miR‐191‐5p), Parkinson's disease (miR‐339‐5p), stroke (miR‐1275), and brain injuries (miR‐144‐5p) .…”

“…5,6 Since 2010, numerous studies on epilepsy have provided plausible evidence that miRNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Nevertheless, most of these studies employed animal models of epilepsy, whereas only relatively few have addressed miRNA expression profiles in human brain tissue (reviewed in Alsharafi et al 7 ).…”

Retracted:MicroRNA‐219 decreases hippocampal long‐term potentiation inhibition and hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by suppressing theNMDARsignaling pathway

“…MiRs are known to have the ability to regulate inflammation, synaptic strength, ion channels, neuronal and glial function, and apoptosis . MicroRNA‐219 (miR‐219) is a brain‐specific microRNA, and its dysregulation has been previously observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia .…”

Comparative study of joint bioinformatics analysis of underlying potential of ‘neurimmiR’, miR-212-3P/miR-132-3P, being involved in epilepsy and its emerging role in human cancer

“…MiR-132/212 both were highly expressed in experimental and human epilepsy [3], CREB-regulated microRNA miR-132 can be rapidly induced by activation of neurons in vivo [18] and the p-CREB and miR-132 were highly expressed in both rats and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)[19]. MiR-132 is important regulators of seizure-induced neuronal death [20] and whose silencing inhibit the spontaneous seizures through the MFs-CA3 pathway [21].…”