Miscible blends of styrene‐acrylic acid copolymers with aliphatic, crystalline polyamides

Kuphal, J. A.; Sperling, L. H.; Robeson, Lloyd M.

doi:10.1002/app.1991.070420606

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Miscible blends of poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) and polyamide-6 were also reported very recently. 29 In these cases, the observation of a single glass transition temperature was taken as an indication of a miscible blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blends of polyamide-6 and sulfonated polystyrene. A solid-state NMR study

Gao¹,

Molnár²,

Morin³

et al. 1992

Macromolecules

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Polymer blends of polyamide-6 (PA6) with polystyrene at 5.4% and 9.7% sulfonation levels (SPSS and SPS10) were investigated by means of solid-state NMR techniques. In the measurement of proton spin-lattice relaxation of PA6 in the rotating frame, a double-exponential decay curve, corresponding to the relaxations of PA6 in the crystalline and the amorphous phases, was observed. When the blend was miscible with separated phases smaller than ca. 20 Á, the PA6 carbon magnetization displayed a single-exponential decay during the spin-lock time; the relaxation time was equal to that of polystyrene in the blend. It was found that the unfunctionalized polystyrene and the sodium salt of the sulfonated polystyrene were immiscible with PA6, but the lithium salt of the sulfonated polystyrene could be highly miscible with PA6 to such an extent that either the blend was completely homogeneous or the separated phases, if present, were smaller than ca. 20 Á. It is of particular interest that the miscibility of the blends of lithium sulfonated polystyrene and PA6 is dependent on the polymer ratio and the sulfonation level. Among the LÍSPS5/PA6 and LiSPS 10/ PA6 blends at ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70, only the blends at 70:30 are highly miscible with separated phases smaller than ca. 20 Á. However, the blends at other polymer ratios are all miscible on the scale of ca. 200Á, based on the measurements of proton spin-lattice relaxation in the laboratory frame. In combination with DMTA data, we conclude that the dimensions of the separated amorphous phases are between 50 and 200 Á for the LÍSPS5/PA6 50:50 and 30:70 blends, while for the LiSPSlO/PAS 50:50 and 30:70 blends they are between 20 and 100 Á. Annealing at 140 °C induced the formation of a PA6 crystalline phase in the LÍSPS5/PA6 70:30 blend, while it had a minimum effect on the LÍSPS10/PA6 70:30 blend.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blends of polyamide-6 and sulfonated polystyrene. A solid-state NMR study

Gao¹,

Molnár²,

Morin³

et al. 1992

Macromolecules

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“…illustrating a significant potential of hydrogen bonding interactions. More recently, Kuphal et a L (26) investigated the phase behavior of styrene-acrylic acid random copolymers (SAA) with various aliphatic, crystalline polyamides, such as nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 6,6 and nylon 6.9, by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and thermal analysis. According to their results, the SAA exhibits miscibility with the PA at the 20 wt% acrylic acid (AA) content in the copolymer, while partial miscibility is observed at the 14 wt% AA content, and complete phase separation is observed at the 8 wt% AA.…”

Section: *To Whom Correspondence Should Be Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a partly hydrolyzed styrene‐tert‐butyl acrylate diblock copolymer on the properties of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (PPE) and polyamide‐6 (PA) blends

Kim

1995

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The compatibilizing effect of a polystyrene‐hydrolyzed poly(t‐butyl acrylate) diblock copolymer (SBAH) on the phase structure, rheological properties, and mechanical properties of immiscible poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (PPE) and polyamide‐6 (PA) blends was investigated. The SBAH was prepared by sequential anionic polymerization of styrene and t‐butyl acrylate, followed by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of t‐butyl acrylate block. Scanning electron micrographs show that the blends exhibit a more regular and finer dispersion when the SBAH of 47% hydrolyzed t‐butyl acrylate block is added. By addition of small amount of the block copolymer, the blends show non‐Newtonian power‐law behavior, and the contribution of storage modulus (G′) to the total response increases. Solubility tests support the formation of graft copolymer by chemical reaction between amine groups of the PA and carboxyl groups of the SBAH. Both modulus and strength are improved about 20% with addition of the 3 wt% SBAH, while the elongation at break decreases notably; thus, the blends fail in a brittle manner.

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“…The t a n 6 plots from DMTA for the 20 : 80 melt blends are shown in Fg. 6. For the 20 : 80 PS/PA-6 blend (Fg.…”

Section: Melt Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since acids are known to interact with the amide units of polyamides, the use of an acidic group as a compatibilizing functional group seems an obvious choice. Carboxylic acid groups have been successfully used in this way to compatibilize various polymers with polyamides; the many patents and studies attest to this fact (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility of polyamide‐6 and polystyrene functionalized with sulfonic acid groups

Molnár

Eisenberg

1992

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) interact strongly in solution. Thus, solution blends of PA‐6 and SPS (sulfonation levels from 0 to 12.3 mol%) in m‐cresol form clear, hazy, or gelled solutions–depending on the ratio of amide (A) to sulfonic acid (S) groups (A/S). NMR studies show that the S groups interact with the nitrogen of the amides, most probably through the transfer of the sulfonic acid protons. During melt blending, the addition of SPS to the PA‐6 leads to a torque rise because of strong interactions. The glass transition temperatures of the components in the melt blended samples shift towards each other as the sulfonation level of the SPS increases, indicating enhanced miscibility. The analysis of the extracted PA‐6 from thee blends, however, shows that it is degraded at processing temperatures (250°C), owing to some residual water and the catalytic activity of the sulfonic acid groups. The extent of the PA‐6 degradation is inversely related to the A/S ratio. Each sulfonic acid group causes between one and two chain scissions of the PA‐6. In blends with high A/S ratios, the degradation of the PA‐6 is minimal; yet considerable dispersion of the SPS can be achieved, as evidenced by scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces.

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Miscible blends of styrene‐acrylic acid copolymers with aliphatic, crystalline polyamides

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Blends of polyamide-6 and sulfonated polystyrene. A solid-state NMR study

Blends of polyamide-6 and sulfonated polystyrene. A solid-state NMR study

The effect of a partly hydrolyzed styrene‐tert‐butyl acrylate diblock copolymer on the properties of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (PPE) and polyamide‐6 (PA) blends

Miscibility of polyamide‐6 and polystyrene functionalized with sulfonic acid groups

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