“…Although quantitative evidence is lacking, field observations show that a large number of sub-sectors within SE are predominantly female-based (Hillenkamp et al, 2019). Collective food services are largely, and many times even exclusively, female (Anderson, 2015;Hersent, 2015;Ndoye, 2014), as are food processing cooperatives in low-income communities (Hainard & Verschuur, 2005;Ypeij, 2002). Women are very active in specific fair-trade value chains (Charlier, 2006;Saussey & Elias, 2012), barter clubs and social currencies (Saiag, 2015).…”