Mitigation of Cybersickness in Immersive 360°Videos

Groth, Colin; Tauscher, Jan-Philipp; Heesen, Nikkel; Grogorick, Steve; Castillo, Susana; Magnor, Marcus

doi:10.1109/vrw52623.2021.00039

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The alternative idea of choosing a more interactive VR simulation such as a videogame-albeit more likely to foster higher levels of cybersickness or spatial presence (e.g., Yeo et al 2020)-would have allowed for higher levels of behavioral freedom, thus reducing the internal validity of the study. Also, since previous research has shown that presenting 360° videos actually sufficed to successfully manipulate the perceived spatial presence and cybersickness of participants (e.g., Breves 2021;Groth et al 2021;Vettehen et al 2019), we deemed this approach suitable for our study.…”

Section: Design and Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive load in immersive media settings: the role of spatial presence and cybersickness

Breves

Stein

2022

Virtual Reality

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Faced with the ongoing diversification and commercial success of highly immersive media technologies (e.g., VR headsets), both content producers and scientific scholars have become highly invested in understanding the psychological consequences of experiencing media in these new and lifelike ways. While many studies underscore positive effects of high media immersivity—such as increased enjoyment or persuasive success—others warn about the intense cognitive load that technologies such as VR might put on their users. In a laboratory experiment with N = 121 participants, we compare the cognitive load experienced while watching a 360° video on a laptop screen or via an immersive VR head-mounted display. Furthermore, we scrutinize two prominent explanations for the additional cognitive load in immersive media settings, i.e., the role of spatial presence and cybersickness. As expected, the VR condition results in higher cognitive load, spatial presence, and cybersickness than the 2D condition. However, by means of a parallel mediation model, we observe that only cybersickness emerges as a meaningful mediator of participants’ strained cognitive capacity; spatial presence, on the other hand, remains statistically irrelevant in this regard. We discuss our findings considering implications for media producers and future research.

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Section: Design and Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive load in immersive media settings: the role of spatial presence and cybersickness

Breves

Stein

2022

Virtual Reality

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“…Blurring has also been explored as a CS mitigation strategy in various VR studies (Budhiraja et al, 2017;Carnegie and Rhee, 2015;Chen et al, 2022;Groth et al, 2021;Hussain et al, 2021). Hillaire et al (2008) proposed a method that blurs content outside the user's focal point, which was found to enhance the VE user experience without affecting gaming performance.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the development of MMs has been a relevant topic in VR research, a comprehensive investigation into their impact on human behavior is still lacking. A substantial number of studies proposing MMs have primarily concentrated on evaluating the effectiveness of mitigation, including studies by Chen et al (2022), Choroś and Nippe (2019), Farmani and Teather (2020), Groth et al (2021), Hussain et al (2021), Kemeny et al (2017), Teixeira and Palmisano (2021), Wienrich et al (2018), and Wu and Suma Rosenberg (2022). While some of these studies also delved into the topic of perceived presence, the evaluations focused on a specific virtual environment (VE) or application scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cybersickness Mitigation Methods on Behavior: A Comparative Study Based on the Skill–Rule–Knowledge Model

Qi,

Menozzi

2023

Preprint

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Cybersickness (CS) is a pressing issue in virtual reality (VR) systems. While various mitigation methods (MMs) have been developed to counteract CS, their effects on human behavior remain largely unexplored, raising concerns about their potential applications. Using Jens Rasmussen's skill--rule--knowledge (SRK) model as a framework, our study investigated the effects of two widely adopted MMs---dynamic field of view and dynamic blurring---in VR. We compared these methods to a baseline condition where no MM was applied. We designed three VR tasks that align with the behavioral levels of the SRK model. In a within-subject study (N = 22), participants completed each task using these MMs. We measured task performance, CS symptoms, and locomotion control. Additionally, qualitative feedback was collected. Our results revealed that neither MM significantly alleviated CS across different VR scenarios. Furthermore, while some participants found MMs helpful, a larger portion reported visual hindrances, and a significant performance drop was measured in the skill-based task. More critically, participants indicated behavioral adaptations in response to the MMs, including changes in locomotion strategies and viewing behavior. Potential causes and implications were discussed. In conclusion, MMs offer promise, but their application necessitates a nuanced understanding of their impacts. We recommend a context-sensitive approach when designing and integrating MMs, prioritizing both maximizing CS mitigation and minimizing interference with the natural behaviors of users.

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“…Dynamic FOV restriction has become one of the most widely used cybersickness interventions (e. g., Kim et al, 2008;Carnegie and Rhee, 2015;Fernandes and Feiner 2016;Kim et al, 2018;Groth et al, 2021). Generally, this technique is based on the hypothesis that peripheral optical flow is an aggravating factor for cybersickness.…”

Section: Restricting the Field Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As one example, many cybersickness interventions depend upon conscious user inputs, such as symptom ratings, or responses to questionnaires (e.g., Gavgani et al, 2018;Thorp et al, 2022). As another example, many cybersickness interventions modify display characteristics in ways that sometimes are consciously noticed by users, such as field of view restrictions (e.g., Groth et al, 2021), or teleporting (e.g., Bozgeyikli et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using quantitative data on postural activity to develop methods to predict and prevent cybersickness

Bailey

Arruda

Stoffregen

2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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In this article, we discuss general approaches to the design of interventions that are intended to overcome the problem of cybersickness among users of head-mounted display (HMD) systems. We note that existing approaches have had limited success, and we suggest that this may be due, in part, to the traditional focus on the design of HMD hardware and content. As an alternative, we argue that cybersickness may have its origins in the user’s ability (or inability) to stabilize their own bodies during HMD use. We argue that HMD systems often promote unstable postural control, and that existing approaches to cybersickness intervention are not likely to promote improved stability. We argue that successful cybersickness interventions will be designed to promote stability in the control of the body during HMD use. Our approach motivates new types of interventions; we describe several possible directions for the development of such interventions. We conclude with a discussion of new research that will be required to permit our approach to lead to interventions that can be implemented by HMD designers.

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Mitigation of Cybersickness in Immersive 360°Videos

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Cognitive load in immersive media settings: the role of spatial presence and cybersickness

Cognitive load in immersive media settings: the role of spatial presence and cybersickness

Effects of Cybersickness Mitigation Methods on Behavior: A Comparative Study Based on the Skill–Rule–Knowledge Model

Using quantitative data on postural activity to develop methods to predict and prevent cybersickness

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