Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS

Ballard, J. William O.; Towarnicki, Samuel G.

doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109737

Cited by 94 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…In this manner, ROS-mediated ulceration is prevented as neutrophils cannot adhere to the gastric mucosa [154]. In human intestinal diseases, the intracellular ROS levels are increased, generating cell stress and a reduction in the diversity of microbial community in the gut [155]. An increase of 10-100 times in mucosal ROS concentration has been observed in ulcerative colitis, in gastroduodenal mucosal inflammation, Chron's, and inflammatory bowel diseases [156][157][158].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and “Mito-Inflammation”: Actors in the Diseases

et al. 2021

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A decline in mitochondrial redox homeostasis has been associated with the development of a wide range of inflammatory-related diseases. Continue discoveries demonstrate that mitochondria are pivotal elements to trigger inflammation and stimulate innate immune signaling cascades to intensify the inflammatory response at front of different stimuli. Here, we review the evidence that an exacerbation in the levels of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to mito-inflammation, a new concept that identifies the compartmentalization of the inflammatory process, in which the mitochondrion acts as central regulator, checkpoint, and arbitrator. In particular, we discuss how ROS contribute to specific aspects of mito-inflammation in different inflammatory-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Taken together, these observations indicate that mitochondrial ROS influence and regulate a number of key aspects of mito-inflammation and that strategies directed to reduce or neutralize mitochondrial ROS levels might have broad beneficial effects on inflammatory-related diseases.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and “Mito-Inflammation”: Actors in the Diseases

et al. 2021

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“…Then, the release of cytochrome C (cyt C) from mitochondrion occur, leading to activation of caspase cascade and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, ROS can impair ER homeostasis to stimulate apoptosis [61].…”

Section: Ros: Dual Role In Cancer Progression/inhibition 21 Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Focus on Molecular Pathways and Possible Therapeutic Strategies

et al. 2021

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The failure of chemotherapy is a major challenge nowadays, and in order to ensure effective treatment of cancer patients, it is of great importance to reveal the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum-containing drug with anti-tumor activity against different cancers in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, drug resistance has restricted its potential in the treatment of cancer patients. CP can promote levels of free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell death. Due to the double-edged sword role of ROS in cancer as a pro-survival or pro-death mechanism, ROS can result in CP resistance. In the present review, association of ROS with CP sensitivity/resistance is discussed, and in particular, how molecular pathways, both upstream and downstream targets, can affect the response of cancer cells to CP chemotherapy. Furthermore, anti-tumor compounds, such as curcumin, emodin, chloroquine that regulate ROS and related molecular pathways in increasing CP sensitivity are described. Nanoparticles can provide co-delivery of CP with anti-tumor agents and by mediating photodynamic therapy, and induce ROS overgeneration to trigger CP sensitivity. Genetic tools, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) can down-regulate molecular pathways such as HIF-1α and Nrf2 to promote ROS levels, leading to CP sensitivity. Considering the relationship between ROS and CP chemotherapy, and translating these findings to clinic can pave the way for effective treatment of cancer patients.

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“…This facilitates the mobilization of resident stem cells to replace lost cells and maintain epithelial integrity. mtROS also gain protection from colitis by activating the nuclear factor κB (NF-kb), which regulates a broad array of genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses [68]. At higher concentrations, ROS and other oxidants can also influence cell signaling pathways and molecules at cytoplasmic and nuclear levels.…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Microbiota: Is There a Link with Allergies?

Murdaca

Gerosa

Paladin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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There is increasing recognition of the importance of both the microbiome and vitamin D in states of health and disease. Microbiome studies have already demonstrated unique microbial patterns in systemic autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Dysbiosis also seems to be associated with allergies, in particular asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Even though the effect of vitamin D supplementation on these pathologies is still unknown, vitamin D deficiency deeply influences the microbiome by altering the microbiome composition and the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier. It also influences the immune system mainly through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this review, we summarize the influence of the microbiome and vitamin D on the immune system with a particular focus on allergic diseases and we discuss the necessity of further studies on the use of probiotics and of a correct intake of vitamin D.

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Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS

Cited by 94 publications

References 166 publications

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and “Mito-Inflammation”: Actors in the Diseases

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and “Mito-Inflammation”: Actors in the Diseases

Elucidating Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Focus on Molecular Pathways and Possible Therapeutic Strategies

Vitamin D and Microbiota: Is There a Link with Allergies?

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