Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Scottish populations of Arctic charr, <i>Salvelinus alpinus</i> (L.)

Hartley, S. E.; Bartlett, Sylvia E.; Davidson, William S.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02568.x

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The populations are probably reproductively isolated. This is confirmed by genetic analyses that concluded with differences at one mtDNA locus (Hartley et al. 1992b).…”

Section: Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus (L)supporting

confidence: 62%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL., brown troutSalmo truttaL. and Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.): a review of aspects of their life histories

Klemetsen

Amundsen

Dempson

et al. 2003

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

1,121

1,275

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Among the species in the family Salmonidae, those represented by the genera Salmo, Salvelinus, and Oncorhynchus (subfamily Salmoninae) are the most studied. Here, various aspects of phenotypic and life-history variation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L., and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) are reviewed. While many strategies and tactics are commonly used by these species, there are also differences in their ecology and population dynamics that result in a variety of interesting and diverse topics that are challenging for future research. Atlantic salmon display considerable phenotypic plasticity and variability in life-history characters ranging from fully freshwater resident forms, where females can mature at approximately 10 cm in length, to anadromous populations characterised by 3-5 sea-winter (5SW) salmon. Even within simple 1SW populations, 20 or more spawning life-history types can be identified. Juveniles in freshwater can use both fluvial and lacustrine habitats for rearing, and while most smolts migrate to sea during the spring, fall migrations occur in some populations. At sea, some salmon undertake extensive oceanic migrations while other populations stay within the geographical confines of areas such as the Baltic Sea. At the other extreme are those that reside in estuaries and return to freshwater to spawn after spending only a few months at sea. The review of information on the diversity of life-history forms is related to conservation aspects associated with Atlantic salmon populations and current trends in abundance and survival. Brown trout is indigenous to Europe, North Africa and western Asia, but was introduced into at least 24 countries outside Europe and now has a world-wide distribution. It exploits both fresh and salt waters for feeding and spawning (brackish), and populations are often partially migratory. One part of the population leaves and feeds elsewhere, while another part stays as residents. In large, complex systems, the species is polymorphic with different size morphs in the various parts of the habitat. Brown trout feed close to the surface and near shore, but large individuals may move far offshore. The species exhibits ontogenetic niche shifts partly related to size and partly to developmental rate. They switch when the amount of surplus energy available for growth becomes small with fast growers being younger and smaller fish than slow growers. Brown trout is an opportunistic carnivore, but individuals specialise at least temporarily on particular food items; insect larvae are important for the young in 1 Un resumen en espan˜ol se incluye detra´s del texto principal de este artı´culo. Introduction''There is no group or family of fishes that supplies better materials for the study of the effects of geographic or physiologic isolation, or which presents more curious and interesting facts in their life histories than do the various species of Salmonidae.'' (Evermann 1925) The salmonid subfamily Salmoninae comprises about 30 species ...

show abstract

“…The populations are probably reproductively isolated. This is confirmed by genetic analyses that concluded with differences at one mtDNA locus (Hartley et al. 1992b).…”

Section: Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus (L)supporting

confidence: 62%

“…On the contrary, genetic studies (Hindar et al. 1986; Hartley et al. 1992a,b; Volpe & Ferguson 1996) lend support to the alternative hypothesis of repeated sympatric diversification in Scandinavia and elsewhere.…”

Section: Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus (L)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL., brown troutSalmo truttaL. and Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.): a review of aspects of their life histories

Klemetsen

Amundsen

Dempson

et al. 2003

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

1,121

1,275

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The frequency of the MDH-4,5* 100 allele has so far been determined in five populations (both morphs in Loch Rannoch, Loch Garry, Loch Ericht and Loch Eck) and varies from 0-70 in Rannoch benthic charr to 0.25 in charr from Loch Eck (S. E. Hartley & C. McGowan, unpublished). The mt DNA Hind111 variant has been found in two other Scottish lochs to date (Hartley et al, 1992). Further genetic studies, using all the above techniques and including DNA fingerprinting, are underway in order to ascertain the extent of genetic variation in Scottish Arctic charr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The techniques for restriction enzyme analysis and mitochondria1 cytochrome b sequencing were identical to those described in Hartley et al (1992).…”

Section: Protein Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of sympatric Arctic charr [Salvelinus alpinus (L.)] populations from Loch Rannoch, Scotland

Hartley

McGowan

Greek

et al. 1992

Journal of Fish Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two morphologically and ecologically distinct forms of Arctic charr, Sulvelinus alpinus, are found in Loch Rannoch, Scotland. The differences in morphology are adaptations to different modes of life, one being pelagic, the other benthic. Both forms have been the subjects ofextensive genetic studies including cytogenetics, nuclear and mitochondria1 DNA analysis, and protein electrophoresis. Significant differences between the two forms are revealed by some techniques but not others and provide evidence for the reproductive isolation of these two morphs. The findings are discussed in relation to the derivation of sympatry and the phylogenetics of Arctic charr.

show abstract

“…Many of these phenotypically and ecologically distinct populations live in sympatry (Behnke 1972). The situation has been further complicated by an unusual low degree of genetic variation among morphs, distant populations, and even subspecies (allozymes: Kornfield et al 1981;Andersson et al 1983; RFLP and sequence analysis of mtDNA: Danzmann et al 1991;Hartley et al 1992;Volpe and Ferguson 1996;minisatellite fingerprinting: Volpe and Ferguson 1996; but see Brunner et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holarctic Phylogeography of Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus L.) Inferred From Mitochondrial Dna Sequences

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in a 552-bp fragment of the control region of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) by analyzing 159 individuals from 83 populations throughout the entire range of the complex. A total of 89 (16.1%) nucleotide positions were polymorphic, and these defined 63 haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of the complex and assigned the observed haplotypes to five geographic regions that may be associated with different glacial refugia. Most notably, a formerly defined major evolutionary lineage (S. a. erythrinus) ranging from North America across the Arctic archipelago to the Eurasian continent has now been partitioned into the Arctic group and the newly identified Siberian group. The Beringian group, formed entirely by specimens assigned to S. malma (Dolly Varden), encompassed the area formerly assigned to S. a. taranetzi. The latter, due to a unique haplotype, became the basal member of the Arctic group. Overall, the S. alpinus complex reflects divergent evolutionary groups coupled with shallow intergroup differentiation, also indicated by an analysis of molecular variance that attributed 73.7% (P Ͻ 0.001) of the total genetic variance among groups. Time estimates, based on sequence divergence, suggest a separation of the major phylogeographic groups during early to mid-Pleistocene. In contrast, colonization of most of today's range started relatively recently, most likely late Pleistocene during the last retreat of ice sheets some 10,000-20,000 years ago. This time scale obviously is too shallow for detecting significant variation on a smaller scale using mtDNA markers. However, other studies using nuclear microsatellite DNA variation strongly suggested ongoing evolution within groups by revealing strong population-genetic substructuring and restricted gene flow among populations. Thus, Arctic charr could serve as a model organism to investigate the linkage between historical and contemporary components of phylogeographic structuring in fish, and, with a global perspective of the distribution of genetic variation as a framework, meaningful comparisons of charr studies at a smaller geographic scale will now be possible.

show abstract

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Scottish populations of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL., brown troutSalmo truttaL. and Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.): a review of aspects of their life histories

Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL., brown troutSalmo truttaL. and Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.): a review of aspects of their life histories

The genetics of sympatric Arctic charr [Salvelinus alpinus (L.)] populations from Loch Rannoch, Scotland

Holarctic Phylogeography of Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus L.) Inferred From Mitochondrial Dna Sequences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About