Mitochondrial manoeuvres: Latest insights and hypotheses on mitochondrial partitioning during mitosis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Peraza-Reyes, Leonardo; Crider, David G.; Pon, Liza A.

doi:10.1002/bies.201000083

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Aside from their best-known role as producers of ATP, mitochondria regulate lipid and amino acid metabolism, redox regulation, calcium buffering, the production of heme, and apoptosis [33]. Given the fundamental and diverse nature of mitochondrial housekeeping functions, it is no surprise that their disruption is associated with numerous human diseases [3] and that checkpoints have been found in yeast that prevent division if problems in mitochondrial partitioning have occurred [34]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myo19 Ensures Symmetric Partitioning of Mitochondria and Coupling of Mitochondrial Segregation to Cell Division

et al. 2014

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SummaryDuring animal cell division, an actin-based ring cleaves the cell into two. Problems with this process can cause chromosome missegregation and defects in cytoplasmic inheritance and the partitioning of organelles, which in turn are associated with human diseases [1–3]. Although much is known about how chromosome segregation is coupled to cell division, the way organelles coordinate their inheritance during partitioning to daughter cells is less well understood. Here, using a high-content live-imaging small interfering RNA screen, we identify Myosin-XIX (Myo19) as a novel regulator of cell division. Previously, this actin-based motor was shown to control the interphase movement of mitochondria [4]. Our analysis shows that Myo19 is indeed localized to mitochondria and that its silencing leads to defects in the distribution of mitochondria within cells and in mitochondrial partitioning at division. Furthermore, many Myo19 RNAi cells undergo stochastic division failure—a phenotype that can be mimicked using a treatment that blocks mitochondrial fission and rescued by decreasing mitochondrial fusion, implying that mitochondria can physically interfere with cytokinesis. Strikingly, using live imaging we also observe the inappropriate movement of mitochondria to the poles of spindles in cells depleted for Myo19 as they enter anaphase. Since this phenocopies the results of an acute loss of actin filaments in anaphase, these data support a model whereby the Myo19 actin-based motor helps to control mitochondrial movement to ensure their faithful segregation during division. The presence of DNA within mitochondria makes their inheritance an especially important aspect of symmetrical cell division.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in budding yeast, actin cables are employed to transport mitochondria from the mother cell to the bud cell [34], whereas in fission yeast, microtubules move the organelles to opposite poles [35]. The mechanisms in mammalian cells, however, remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myo19 Ensures Symmetric Partitioning of Mitochondria and Coupling of Mitochondrial Segregation to Cell Division

et al. 2014

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“…Early work on scorpion spermatogenesis showed that mitochondria associate with microtubules at the mitotic spindle poles and are separated actively along with the chromosomes [16]. In fission yeast, mitochondria are delivered by microtubules to opposite cell poles during division to ensure faithful inheritance [17] and mitochondria in budding yeast are transported from mother to bud along actin cables [18], [19]. In the asymmetric division of Acricotopus germ line cells, mitochondria are preferentially segregated to one cell pole and may be involved in cell-fate determination [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria Localize to the Cleavage Furrow in Mammalian Cytokinesis

Lawrence

Mandato

2013

PLoS ONE

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Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with multiple cellular functions, including ATP production, calcium buffering, and lipid biosynthesis. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial positioning is regulated by the cytoskeleton during cell division in several eukaryotic systems. However, the distribution of mitochondria during mammalian cytokinesis and whether the distribution is regulated by the cytoskeleton has not been examined. Using live spinning disk confocal microscopy and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial fluorescence intensity, we demonstrate that mitochondria are recruited to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in HeLa cells. After anaphase onset, the mitochondria are recruited towards the site of cleavage furrow formation, where they remain enriched as the furrow ingresses and until cytokinesis completion. Furthermore, we show that recruitment of mitochondria to the furrow occurs in multiple mammalian cells lines as well as in monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar divisions, suggesting that the mechanism of recruitment is conserved and robust. Using inhibitors of cytoskeleton dynamics, we show that the microtubule cytoskeleton, but not actin, is required to transport mitochondria to the cleavage furrow. Thus, mitochondria are specifically recruited to the cleavage furrow in a microtubule-dependent manner during mammalian cytokinesis. Two possible reasons for this could be to localize mitochondrial function to the furrow to facilitate cytokinesis and / or ensure accurate mitochondrial inheritance.

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“…a Data from yeast suggest that both ER and mitochondria are selectively segregated into the mother cell or bud (Du et al 2004; Lowe and Barr 2007; Peraza-Reyes et al 2010). b A mammalian cell showing the sequestration of an aggresome into one of the two daughter cells following cell division.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is as if these mitochondria are tasked with walking up a down-escalator. Based on this, a model has been proposed whereby only the strongest, most functional mitochondria are able to overcome this opposition and are transported into the developing daughter cell (Peraza-Reyes et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organelle asymmetry for proper fitness, function, and fate

2013

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During cellular division, centrosomes are tasked with building the bipolar mitotic spindle, which partitions the cellular contents into two daughter cells. While every cell will receive an equal complement of chromosomes, not every organelle is symmetrically passaged to the two progeny in many cell types. In this review, we highlight the conservation of nonrandom centrosome segregation in asymmetrically dividing stem cells, and we discuss how the asymmetric function of centrosomes could mediate nonrandom segregation of organelles and mRNA. We propose that such a mechanism is critical for insuring proper cell fitness, function, and fate.

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Mitochondrial manoeuvres: Latest insights and hypotheses on mitochondrial partitioning during mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 26 publications

References 93 publications

Myo19 Ensures Symmetric Partitioning of Mitochondria and Coupling of Mitochondrial Segregation to Cell Division

Myo19 Ensures Symmetric Partitioning of Mitochondria and Coupling of Mitochondrial Segregation to Cell Division

Mitochondria Localize to the Cleavage Furrow in Mammalian Cytokinesis

Organelle asymmetry for proper fitness, function, and fate

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