Mitochondrial morphological changes of trabecular cells in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma

Assessing factors of endothelial vascular dysfunction in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma

“…In addition, it is a chemotactic factor for neutrophils and stimulates the respiratory burst in them and it stimulates inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. It causes induction of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, resulting in increased vascular permeability and contraction of smooth muscle cells [10]. C3a and C5a bind to mast cells and cause degranulation, with the release of vasoactive mediators such as histamine, thereby causing an increase in vascular permeability with concomitant manifestation of cellular edema.…”

“…It is noteworthy that the etiology and pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) have been not fully elucidated despite numerous studies. Currently, vascular endothelial dysfunction leading to optic disc ischemia and compression of optic nerve axons is a major current theory for the development of POAG [9][10][11][12][13]. Inadequate blood supply to the retina and optic nerve due to poor ocular circulation are important factors of the development and progression of POAG [14][15][16].…”

“…It has been demonstrated in recent years that a healthy endothelium regulates vascular tone capacity, modulates homeostasis, impacts vascular permeability, and regulates vessel growth [10,[17][18][19][20]. Damaged or excessively acti-vated endothelial cells can also secrete vasoconstrictor factors, the best known of which is endothelin-1 (ET-1), as well as factors that affect the differentiation and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells.…”