Mitochondrial phylogenomics of human-type Ascaris, pig-type Ascaris, and hybrid Ascaris populations

Zhou, Chunhua; Guo, Ting; Deng, Yuhui; He, Jingjing; Ouyang, Shan; Wu, Xiaoping

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109256

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Ascaris (Li et al 2008;Zhou et al 2020;Xie et al 2022), and slightly lower than those of Parascaris equorum in Ascaridoidea (70.25%) (Gao et al 2019). The comparison analysis showed that the A+T content of the second coding position of the 12 PCGs was more similar than those of the first and the third coding positions among five Toxocara species (Figure 1).…”

Section: General Features Of T Apodemi Mitogenomementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The larvae of some Toxocara species can also accidentally infect humans; they are therefore of veterinary, medical, and economic significance. Larvae also can migrate into host tissue, leading to tissue damage, inflammatory reactions, visual impairment, and blindness (Zhou et al 2020). T. canis can cause detrimental damage to the brain of intermediate or paratenic hosts (Chen et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae)

Gao,

Hu,

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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We first sequenced and characterised the complete mitochondrial genome of Toxocara apodeme, then studied the evolutionary relationship of the species within Toxocaridae. The complete mitochondrial genome was amplified using PCR with 14 specific primers. The mitogenome length was 14303 bp in size, including 12 PCGs (encoding 3,423 amino acids), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 2 NCRs, with 68.38% A+T contents. The mt genomes of T. apodemi had relatively compact structures with 11 intergenic spacers and 5 overlaps. Comparative analyses of the nucleotide sequences of complete mt genomes showed that T. apodemi had higher identities with T. canis than other congeners. A sliding window analysis of 12 PCGs among 5 Toxocara species indicated that nad4 had the highest sequence divergence, and cox1 was the least variable gene. Relative synonymous codon usage showed that UUG, ACU, CCU, CGU, and UCU most frequently occurred in the complete genomes of T. apodemi. The Ka/Ks ratio showed that all Toxocara mt genes were subject to purification selection. The largest genetic distance between T. apodemi and the other 4 congeneric species was found in nad2, and the smallest was found in cox2. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs demonstrated that T. apodemi formed a distinct branch and was always a sister taxon to other congeneric species. The present study determined the complete mt genome sequences of T. apodemi, which provide novel genetic markers for further studies of the taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics of the Toxocaridae nematodes.

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Section: General Features Of T Apodemi Mitogenomementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae)

Gao,

Hu,

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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“…Zhou et al (2020a, b) conducted population genomics analyses of sympatric Ascaris samples from China based on autosomal genome-wide SNPs and mito-genomes, respectively. Zhou et al (2020a) found clear genetic differentiation between host-associated samples, but a small sample size (six nematodes per host species) may have precluded detection of hybrids.…”

Section: Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhou et al (2020a) found clear genetic differentiation between host-associated samples, but a small sample size (six nematodes per host species) may have precluded detection of hybrids. Moreover, while the mito-genome study of Zhou et al (2020b) included pre-identified hybrid samples (based on prior microsatellite and ITS genotypes), Zhou et al (2020a) only included pre-identified non-hybrid samples (see their methods). Unfortunately, mtDNA alone is not sufficient to address hybridization.…”

Section: Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genomics of helminth parasites

et al. 2023

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Next generation sequencing technologies have facilitated a shift from a few targeted loci in population genetic studies to whole genome approaches. Here, we review the types of questions and inferences regarding the population biology and evolution of parasitic helminths being addressed within the field of population genomics. Topics include parabiome, hybridization, population structure, loci under selection and linkage mapping. We highlight various advances, and note the current trends in the field, particularly a focus on human-related parasites despite the inherent biodiversity of helminth species. We conclude by advocating for a broader application of population genomics to reflect the taxonomic and life history breadth displayed by helminth parasites. As such, our basic knowledge about helminth population biology and evolution would be enhanced while the diversity of helminths in itself would facilitate population genomic comparative studies to address broader ecological and evolutionary concepts.

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“…The intestinal roundworm Ascaris suum is regarded, economically as the most important porcine parasite, but can also infect humans as a zoonotic pathogen [1]. Economic losses in the pig industry are due to condemnation of livers showing traces of larval migration [2], as well as reduced feed efficiency and weight gain, e.g., [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascaris suum Nutrient Uptake and Metabolic Release, and Modulation of Host Intestinal Nutrient Transport by Excretory-Secretory and Cuticle Antigens In Vitro

Koehler

Springer

Issel³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Ascaris suum, the most important pig parasite, also infects humans as a zoonotic pathogen. Malabsorption upon infection probably results from impaired nutrient transport, presumably mediated by the parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) or cuticle somatic (CSO) antigens. The present study investigated the electrogenic transport (ΔIsc) of glucose, alanine and the dipeptide glycyl-l-glutamine (glygln), as well as glucose net flux rates in pig jejunal tissue after in vitro exposure to adult A. suum total ES or CSO antigens in Ussing chambers. ΔIsc of glucose, alanine and glucose net flux rate were significantly decreased after one hour of exposure to total ES antigen. In contrast, CSO antigens increased the transport of glygln. Additionally, nutrient uptake and ES antigen pattern were compared in culture medium from untreated adult worms and those with sealed mouth and anal openings. Untreated worms completely absorbed glucose, while cuticular absorption in sealed worms led to 90% reduction. Amino acid absorption was 30% less effective in sealed worms, and ammonia excretion decreased by 20%. Overall, the results show that A. suum total ES antigen rapidly impairs nutrient transport in vitro. Future studies confirming the results in vivo, narrowing down the ES components responsible and investigating underlying molecular mechanisms are needed.

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Mitochondrial phylogenomics of human-type Ascaris, pig-type Ascaris, and hybrid Ascaris populations

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae)

Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae)

Population genomics of helminth parasites

Ascaris suum Nutrient Uptake and Metabolic Release, and Modulation of Host Intestinal Nutrient Transport by Excretory-Secretory and Cuticle Antigens In Vitro

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