Mixing Time in a Bath in the Presence of Swirl Motion Induced by Horizontal Gas Injection with an L-Shaped Lance

Effect of Salt Tracer Amount on the Mixing Time Measurement in a Hydrodynamic Model of Gas‐Stirred Ladle System

“…As for the tracer amount, Krishna Murthy et al29 injected a small amount of KCl onto the bath surface, similarly Ajmani and Chatterjee7 chose a very weak concentration tracer since the accuracy of conductivity measurements decreased with increasing concentrations of tracer. While in recently published papers,11, 30 a KCl aqueous solution of 1 mol L −1 was used as tracer, and the volume of the tracer was 1 mL solution per 1000 mL of liquid in the bath water. Unfortunately no more details or explanations were put forward for this tracer amount selection.…”

Mixing Time in a Cylindrical Bath Agitated by Gas Injection through an L-shaped Top Lance in the Absence of Swirl Motion

“…The occurrence regions of the steady and intermittent swirl motions can be predicted, as explained in the companion paper. 18) Mixing time measurements were carried out in the absence of the deep-water wave type of swirl motion. 17) for horizontal gas injection from a nozzle attached to the side wall.…”

“…Particular attention is paid in this research series to mixing time in a bath agitated by horizontal gas injection through an L-shaped top lance. In a previous study 18) we measured mixing time in the bath (see Fig. 2) and proposed an empirical equation for it.…”

Comparison of Mixing Time Values between Gas Injections from Centered and Off-centered L-shaped Top Lance in the Presence of Swirl Motion

“…These problems can readily be solved when a top lance is used. In previous papers 4,5) the authors proposed a method of side gas injection through an L-shaped top lance and carried out water model experiments on the occurrence condition of a swirl motion of the deep-water wave type and on mixing time, Tm. First, the exit of the L-shaped top lance was placed on the centerline of a cylindrical vessel containing de-ionized water.…”

“…First, the exit of the L-shaped top lance was placed on the centerline of a cylindrical vessel containing de-ionized water. 4) Mixing time of the bath was measured with an electrical conductivity meter. An empirical equation for the mixing time, Tm, was proposed as a function of the vessel diameter, D, bath depth, HL, nozzle immersion depth, Hin, and the physical properties of the working fluids in the presence of the swirl motion.…”