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Abstract

Mesoporous titanium dioxide materials have been successfully prepared at ambient temperature via HClcatalyzed hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of titanium(IV) n-butoxide by employing a mixture of b-cyclodextrin (CD) and urea (U) as a non-surfactant template, followed by removal of the mixture with water extraction. FT-IR analysis demonstrates the complete removal of the template molecules after extraction with water. The characterization results of nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements show that the obtained materials have type IV isotherms with H2 hysteresis loops. The BJH pore size distribution plots indicate that the pore sizes show no obvious changes with the decrease in weight ratio of CD/U (3.7-4.1 nm) or increase in template content (3.9-3.6 nm). The interactions induced by hydrogen bonding between these two molecules and inorganic species play important roles in the above results. Small-and large-angle powder X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the afforded titanium dioxide materials have anatase structures as well as disordered pore structures.

The roles of acid in the synthesis of mesoporous titania with bicrystalline structure

“…In 1995, Antonelli and Ying [4] first synthesized mesoporous titania by using phosphate as template. From then on, a variety of methods have been developed to improve the specific surface area and pore size of mesoporous titania [5][6][7][8][9]. However, the amorphous wall of the mesoporous titania restricts its applications in photocatalysis, for only crystalline titania can generate photo-electrons and photo-holes under the irradiation of near-UV light [10].…”

Porogen Template Assisted TiO2 Rutile Coupled Nanomaterials for Improved Visible and Solar Light Photocatalytic Applications

“…These structures result from specific organic-inorganic interactions between titanium species and the porogen template, usually organic polymers [13], ionic or nonionic surfactants [14], block polymers [15], or nonsurfactant templates [16]. Interesting nanostructural properties generally result from the template removal during a thermal post-synthesis treatment.…”

Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous TiO2 with anatase wall

“…Triblock copolymer can also be used as a template to direct the formation of mesoporous TiO 2 [5]. In addition, many nonsurfactant organic compounds have been used as poreformers [6][7][8]. Recently, ultrasound-induced agglomeration was also proven to be a useful technique to synthesize mesoporous TiO 2 spheres [9].…”