Mobile Communication Networks: 5G and a Vision of 6G

Božanić, Mladen; Sinha, Saurabh

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69273-5

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Despite many different studies of combining UAVs with 5G and 6G techniques, research into UAV assisted wireless networks are still in the preliminary stage and many open problems require further or even in-depth research [120], [134]. Pay attention to interesting research topics for future directions, such as energy efficiency [110], [128], [133].…”

Section: Table Vi: Ai/ml In Uav Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

Khan

Kumar

Mohsan

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks have led to the implementation of beyond 5G (B5G) networks, which are capable of incorporating autonomous services to swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). They provide capacity expansion strategies to address massive connectivity issues and guarantee ultra-high throughput and low latency, especially in extreme or emergency situations where network density, bandwidth, and traffic patterns fluctuate. On the one hand, 6G technology integrates AI/ML, IoT, and blockchain to establish ultra-reliable, intelligent, secure, and ubiquitous UAV networks. 6G networks, on the other hand, rely on new enabling technologies such as air interface and transmission technologies, as well as a unique network design, posing new challenges for the swarm of UAVs.Keeping these challenges in mind, this article focuses on the security and privacy, intelligence, and energy-efficiency issues faced by swarms of UAVs operating in 6G mobile network. In this state-of-the-art review, we integrated blockchain and AI/ML with UAV networks utilizing the 6G ecosystem. The key findings are then presented, and potential research challenges are identified. We conclude the review by shedding light on future research in this emerging field of research.

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Section: Table Vi: Ai/ml In Uav Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

Khan

Kumar

Mohsan

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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“…THz or optical links canreplace existing wired connections. Reliability, latency and energy efficiency will be key performance characteristics [120].…”

Section: A Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiGe and CMOS Technology for State-of-the-Art Millimeter-Wave Transceivers

2023

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Innovation and evolution are paramount where the demand for wideband, data-intensive connectivity is ever-increasing, and the only constant is change. Standards that define the operation of next-generation mobile networks are moving away from the traditional radio frequency (RF) spectrum and into millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands. The physical layer (PHY) for IEEE 802.11ad Wi-Fi and 802.11ay WLANs dictates operation in the unlicensed 60 GHz band. 5G New Radio (NR) applications utilize selected bands from 26 to 39 GHz. Additionally, newly developing Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) applications depend on 5G NR as an enabling technology. Satellite communications and wireless backhaul will occur in E-band between 70-86 GHz. Increasing demands from the market cause designers to push boundaries, and the development of standards guide technological advances. Perhaps the most substantial improvements are observed in integrated circuit technology. This article details the major Si processes, namely Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) and SiGe Bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), and their foray into the wireless transceiver space traditionally dominated by GaAs. CMOS and BiCMOS have become popular in many communities because of their low fabrication cost and excellent digital integration capabilities. RF performance has matured to where Si is a serious competitor for tried-and-tested III-V technologies. Some extreme environments and sophisticated applications still favor GaAs and GaN, however. GaAs, for example, can yield unparalleled output power and excellent noise figure performance, albeit at a higher cost and increased design and manufacturing complexity due to the multi-chip nature of these circuits.INDEX TERMS 5G new radio (NR), broadband communication, cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X), CMOS, fourth industrial revolution (4IR), Internet of Things (IoT), millimeter-wave, SiGe BiCMOS.

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“…The incorporation of a large number of tiny transistors into a small chip enables creating circuits that are several times smaller, cheaper, and faster than those built with discrete electronic components. In this context, to enhance the transmission power and the maximum frequency, semiconductor materials such as Indium Phosphide (InP), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), and Gallium Nitride GaN) are used to create different MMIC compatible techniques, including Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) and High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT) [150]- [152]. This leads to higher doping density in the base, resulting in lower base resistance while increasing gain.…”

Section: ) Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (Mmic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

2022

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The initial access in Millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G communications is very challenging and time consuming. In general, mmWave and terahertz communications require the use of directional antennas to seek narrow beams. However, due to this directionality, many issues can impact the beam alignment between transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of beam alignment and initial access in mmWave and terahertz 5G/6G systems. First, we present a detailed overview of initial access methods, techniques, and beam management procedures. Then, we classify recent works related to beam alignment based on their objective functions (i.e., latency, power allocation, QoS, energy consumption, cost). We also highlight the beam alignment in terahertz 6G, where we find that deep learning and reconfigurable intelligent surface are the two protagonists that help to achieve fast beam alignment.INDEX TERMS 5G/6G, mmWave, terahertz, beamforming, initial access, beam alignment, beam steering, reconfigurable intelligent surface.

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Mobile Communication Networks: 5G and a Vision of 6G

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

SiGe and CMOS Technology for State-of-the-Art Millimeter-Wave Transceivers

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

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