Mobile measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure level and statistical analysis

Cansiz, Mustafa; Abbasov, Teymuraz; Kurt, M. Bahattin; Celik, Ali Recai

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.02.056

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are some academic studies with similar measurements focused on public EMR exposure in urban areas [19,[25][26][27][28][29]. In some cases, the researchers focused on urban areas such as roads, living quarters, or public transportation.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases, the EMR was effectively caused by both uplink and downlink mobile communication radio frequency (RF) signals [25][26][27][28][29]. Some of these works included fixed measurement devices with periodic samplings [25,26,29], whereas in others, the samples were collected randomly or by drive tests for a brief period of time [27,28]. These studies confirmed an increasing ambient EMR in urban zones, but they were not able to address the EMR issues in the immediate vicinity of base stations.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic radiation exposure of multioperator co-sited urban base stations

Uluaydin¹,

Dlugosz²,

Şeker³

2019

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Mobile network operators (MNOs) concurrently use different generations of wireless technologies. The base stations (BSs) of different technology generations are co-located in order to decrease operational costs. Furthermore, the MNOs cooperate in order to co-site their base stations. Such an urban site includes more than 25 actively radiating antennas on average with different frequencies and modulations. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) measurements performed in such an environment may have reduced accuracy. In this paper, the authors propose a new approach for the measurement of EMR in multiple mobile technology interwoven urban BS sites, where more than one operator exists. The maintenance activities are also investigated with their frequency of occurrence and their duration for EMR exposure assessment and the statistics are reported for the first time in academia. On sampling the signal strength and radiation in different positions for the tested urban sites, electrical field strengths as high as 90 V/m were observed. The results are classified according to frequency bands and possible technologies. The probable bioelectromagnetic effects of such EMR exposure on maintenance workers are discussed with the provision of statistical data of co-located BSs and their maintenance activities. A new occupational EMR exposure risk assessment approach is proposed by taking into consideration the massive multiinput multioutput (MIMO) antenna technology.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic radiation exposure of multioperator co-sited urban base stations

Uluaydin¹,

Dlugosz²,

Şeker³

2019

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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show abstract

“…Some of these studies are made in urban areas, campus areas, and different dwellings [7][8][9][10]. The electric field strength of base stations and even Υ radiation dose levels were measured with the samples taken from different distances from a base station [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Exposure Of Electromagnetic (Em) Radiation (Emr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of GSM, LTE and Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Radiation in Dwellings

Karan

Şahin

2017

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Electromagnetic radiation exposure increases with the rise of the wireless communication devices. Electromagnetic radiation, especially near 2400 MHz band, has gradually increased with the widespread of wireless fidelity adapter in indoor environment. In this study, electromagnetic radiation in dwellings where different Wi-Fi adapters and routers are used was assessed by measuring the electric field and compared with other electromagnetic radiation source and the limits set by the Information and Communication Technologies Authority. Measurements were taken in the range of 760-2690 MHz bands used by GSM, 3G/LTE and Wi-Fi technologies. The detected values for all frequencies are significantly lower than the limits of the Information and Communication Technologies Authority. Among the electromagnetic radiation sources, electromagnetic radiation of Wi-Fi adapter is higher than GSM/3G/LTE sources radiation in dwellings. Electromagnetic radiation values in nearest point of high power adapter Wi-Fi antenna are close to the Information and Communication Technologies Authority limit value. Results show that electromagnetic radiation based on Wi-Fi adapters or routers can be higher than GSM based electromagnetic radiation.

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“…Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure due to cellular networks is classically evaluated empirically either through insitu measurements [1], drive-tests [2], [3] or sensor networks [4]. Numerically, this evaluation, either by using raylaunching softwares [5], ray-tracing softwares [6] or other simulation methods based on propagation models [7]- [9], is however difficult to obtain deterministically in a reasonable time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Geometry Approach to EMF Exposure Modeling

Gontier

Petrillo²,

Rottenberg

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Downlink exposure to electromagnetic fields due to cellular base stations in urban environments is studied using the stochastic geometry framework. A two-dimensional Poisson point process is assumed for the base station distribution. Mathematical expressions of statistics of exposure are derived from a simple propagation model taking into account the height of the base stations. The error on exposure made by taking a limited number of base stations, instead of the whole set, is quantified. The relative impact of the model parameters on the statistics of exposure is highlighted. The method is then applied and the model parameters are calibrated using experimental data obtained by drive-tests in two Brussels municipalities, in Belgium, for the 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz frequency bands. It is shown that the proposed model fits experimental values, paving the way to a new methodology to assess general public exposure to electromagnetic fields, for any frequency band. An insight is given on how to apply the methodology to a real case without access to experimental data.

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Mobile measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure level and statistical analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Electromagnetic radiation exposure of multioperator co-sited urban base stations

Electromagnetic radiation exposure of multioperator co-sited urban base stations

Investigation of GSM, LTE and Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Radiation in Dwellings

A Stochastic Geometry Approach to EMF Exposure Modeling

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