Mobilidade e a atração de viagens de ônibus da área central de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

Resumo As questões que envolvem o planejamento e a gestão do espaço urbano têm relação direta com o sistema de transportes. Existe uma interdependência entre crescimento urbano e a demanda por mobilidade, de maneira que deficiências de transportes interferem diretamente no cotidiano da população. Com base em métodos de análise espacial e no uso de ferramentas disponíveis em SIGs, avaliou-se para o caso de Belo Horizonte o nível de centralização e o poder de atração de viagens exercido pela área central, tendo como base os fluxos identificados nas últimas duas pesquisas “Origem e Destino”. Diferentemente dos estudos que sugerem um forte processo de descentralização e rompimento do tradicional modelo centro-periferia, os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho indicam que a estrutura espacial de Belo Horizonte se manteve altamente concentrada na área central, embora novos fluxos pareçam convergir para novas centralidades no município.

Mobility and Urban Centralities: An Analysis Based on the Motorized Flows Attraction in Belo Horizonte/State of Minas Gerais/Brazil

“…More specifically, this increase occurred more evidently in the neighboring municipalities such as Ibirité, Contagem, Ribeirão das Neves, Vespasiano, Santa Luzia, and Sabará heading to CA. In what concerns the volumes originated in the municipality itself, the increase was more significant mainly in the Campos located in the Oeste, Norte, Leste, Venda Nova, Barreiro, and Centro-Sul Administrative Regional Area where, according to [60], a greater intraregional increment has been observed (origin and destination in the same Administrative Regional Area). In what concerns the volumes originated in the municipality itself, the increase was more significant mainly in the Campos located in the Oeste, Norte, Leste, Venda Nova, Barreiro, and Centro-Sul Administrative Regional Area where, according to [60], a greater intraregional increment has been observed (origin and destination in the same Administrative Regional Area).…”

“…In order to level the spatial units of the analysis, the Campos of OD 2002 were made compatible to the OD 2012 base, taking for reference the HAs [Homogeneous Areas] relative to the 2002 cut, overlapped with the Campos of the 2012 division, considering the localization of the centroid as adjustment point. To analyze the regional organization dynamics throughout ten years, and to evaluate the maintenance of the importance of the role of the Capital city's center, observed by [59,60], the methodology applied in the work by [60], who assessed the distribution of the It is important to emphasize that the OD Surveys are considered the most complete database of people and goods transport demand. These surveys present information about the displacement carried out (i.e., reason, schedule, mode, origin, destination, and travel time) and about the population's socioeconomics characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and income).…”

“…To analyze the regional organization dynamics throughout ten years, and to evaluate the maintenance of the importance of the role of the Capital city's center, observed by [59,60], the methodology applied in the work by [60], who assessed the distribution of the motorized flows in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, was used. To this end, besides the flow lines to the Central Area of the Capital city, the flows with origin and destination in the same Administrative Regional Area and in different Administrative Regional Areas (named intraregional and interregional, respectively) were taken into account, as well as the flows to the Central Area, circumscribed by the zone within the boundaries of Avenida do Contorno (Figure 1).…”

“…To this end, besides the flow lines to the Central Area of the Capital city, the flows with origin and destination in the same Administrative Regional Area and in different Administrative Regional Areas (named intraregional and interregional, respectively) were taken into account, as well as the flows to the Central Area, circumscribed by the zone within the boundaries of Avenida do Contorno (Figure 1). In this sense, aiming to verify the weight of attraction that the Central Area displays in each Campo, and how prevalent it is (or is not) regarding the intraregional flow, an indicator has been proposed by [60], called Central Area Attraction Ratio (AR CA ) relative to 2002 and 2012 (Equation ( 1)).…”

“…In the second step, the objective of which is to evaluate the supposed consolidation process of the new centralities in Belo Horizonte, the urban centralities defined as spatial groupings of HAs were considered using the Moran's Method [60], and they displayed high concentration of opportunities and high capacity of ride attraction (HH-High-High) outlined in Figure 2a. The 33 HAs (HH) allowed to establish nine centralities, based on the proximity among the territorial units belonging to a same regional area (Figure 2b), denominated according to the district localizations, to wit: Barreiro, Belvedere, Buritis/Estoril, Cidade Nova, Pericentral Norte, Pericentral Oeste, Pericentral Sul, UFMG/Sã o Francisco, and Venda Nova, distributed in seven of the nine regions of the Capital city.…”