Modal Measurement of Raw Exhaust Volume and Mass Emissions by SESAM

Baronick, Jörg D.; Heller, Beate; Lach, G.; Luf, H.

doi:10.4271/980047

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…genated species and excluding methane, that are present in the exhaust above pre-determined threshold levels. The analysis of infrared spectra works best for HCs with low carbon numbers as they have strong and sharp absorbance bands [36]. As the top ten compounds account for 80% of the HCs in the exhaust, Gierczak et al [20] found that the FTIR method yielded FTIR equivalent NMHC measurements within 5% of the regulatory flame ionisation detection (FID) method for fuel blends ranging from gasoline to E85 (85 %vol ethanol and 15 %vol gasoline).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Shankar,

Leach

2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sustainable fuel components, such as ethanol, can be blended into gasoline to help reduce fossil fuel consumption. Aldehydes are both observed emissions and major intermediates in the oxidation of gasoline/ethanol fuel mixtures and are solely attributed to the fuel’s alcohol content.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study aims to evaluate the direct impact of toluene, iso-octane, and ethanol on engine-out formaldehyde and acetalde hyde emissions. A single-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine was run at low speed and load conditions with varying equivalence ratios. The emissions are measured using a FTIR.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The aldehyde emissions from pure ethanol are ten- and five- times greater than pure toluene and iso-octane, respectively. Greater formaldehyde than acetaldehyde is found for iso-octane and toluene and vice versa for ethanol. The addition of 25 %vol of toluene to ethanol halves the average aldehyde emissions due to toluene suppressing effects. In the ternary mixtures with fixed ethanol content, the higher toluene concentration mixture led to lower average aldehyde emissions.</div></div>

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Shankar,

Leach

2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Few researchers have mentioned the capability and reliability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for measuring the concentrations of individual hydrocarbons and other emission species. Baronick et al 65 stated in their study that analysis of infrared spectra with FTIR is best suited to compounds possessing strong and sharp absorbance bands, and with respect to hydrocarbons, the absorbance structure holds for molecules with a smaller number of carbons (<5). Giechaskiel and Clairotte 66 reported that FTIR spectroscopy is an appealing alternative to FID as all the species contributing to nonmethane organic gases such as non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), alcohols and carbonyls are infrared active.…”

Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement and emissions reduction of ethanol‐fueled spark ignition engine with hydrogen

Marwaha,

Subramanian

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study deals with the effect of hydrogen on the performance, combustion and regulated [carbon monoxide (CO), non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and unregulated [nitrous oxide (N2O), ethanol, ethene, acetaldehyde, methanol] emissions of a spark ignition engine fueled with ethanol (E100). The engine was operated at a constant torque of 5.5 Nm and various speeds of 3500, 3800 and 4000 rpm, and both fuels (ethanol and hydrogen) were independently injected into the intake manifold of the engine during the suction stroke. The optimum hydrogen energy share at all speeds was 15% based on the combustion stability compared with base ethanol. The brake thermal efficiency with E100 at an engine speed of 4000 rpm increased from 14.4 to 15%, with a 15% hydrogen energy share (15% HES)‐E100. The emissions such as CO, NMHC, unburned ethanol, ethene and acetaldehyde decreased significantly with the optimum HES‐E100 compared with E100. However, the NO, NO2 and N2O emissions increased with hydrogen. Hydrogen addition to an ethanol‐fueled spark ignition engine could significantly reduce carbonaceous emissions along with improving energy efficiency.

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“…Research was conducted at Volkswagen AG, Germany (Baronick et al 1998) towards developing a System for emission sampling and measurement. The system comprised of an FTIR and a gas flow measurement device was designed to measure the modal and integral mass emissions of about thirty different exhaust gas components.…”

Section: Previous In-use Ftir Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of In-use Emissions Measurement using PEMS, FTIR and Full-scale Dilution Method

Ravi¹

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With an increasing focus on implementing low emission heavy duty (HD) vehicles in the booming freight transportation sector, engine manufacturers have started prompting studies on addressing the technical challenges of measuring these virtually near zero levels of gaseous and particulate emissions. Moreover, from a regulatory perspective, beginning 2005, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the in-use testing program for HD diesel engines in addition to the regular compliance testing protocol. The rule mandates the engine manufacturers to measure gaseous and particulate matter emissions using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) during real-world driving conditions, and verify that they meet emission standards. With the tightening regulation standards, approaching a near zero limit it has become imperative to improve the measurement capabilities for application at such low limits of exhaust gas emissions concentration determination.

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Modal Measurement of Raw Exhaust Volume and Mass Emissions by SESAM

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Performance enhancement and emissions reduction of ethanol‐fueled spark ignition engine with hydrogen

Comparison of In-use Emissions Measurement using PEMS, FTIR and Full-scale Dilution Method

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