“…Popular hand mesh estimation methods can be divided into five types, whose core ideas are based on the parametric model, voxel representation, implicit function, UV map, and vertex position, respectively. Model-based approaches [86,90,80,29,85,4,1,93,12,88,6,2,39,52,82,83] typically use MANO [65] as the parametric model, which factorizes a hand mesh into coefficients of shape and pose. This pipeline, however, is not suitable for usage with a lightweight network because the coefficient estimation is a highly abstract problem that ignores spatial correlations [22].…”