Model of wide-angle optical field propagation using scalar diffraction theory

The problem of image restoration of space variant blur is common and important. One of the most useful descriptions of this problem is in its algebraic form I=H*O, where O is the object represented as a column vector, I is the blur image represented as a column vector and H is the PSF matrix that represents the optical system. When inverting the problem to restore the geometric object from the blurred image and the known system matrix, restoration is limited in speed and quality by the system condition. Current optical design methods focus on image quality, therefore if additional image processing is needed the matrix condition is taken "as is". In this paper we would like to present a new optical approach which aims to improve the system condition by proper optical design. In this new method we use Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to define the weak parts of the matrix condition. We design a second optical system based on those weak SVD parts and then we add the second system parallel to the first one. The original and second systems together work as an improved parallel optics system. Following that, we present a method for designing such a "parallel filter" for systems with a spread SVD pattern. Finally we present a study case in which by using our new method we improve a space variant image system with an initial condition number of 8.76e4, down to a condition number of 2.29e3. We use matrix inversion to simulate image restoration. Results show that the new parallel optics immunity to Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is much better then that of the original simple lens. Comparing the original and the parallel optics systems, the parallel optics system crosses the MSEIF=0 [db] limit in SNR value which is more than 50db lower then the SNR value in the case of the original simple lens. The new parallel optics system performance is also compared to another method based on the MTF approach.

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Bacterial oxidoreductive enzymes as molecular weapons for the degradation and metabolism of the toxic azo dyes in wastewater: a review

Ikram

Zahoor

Naeem

et al. 2022

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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Azo dyes are extremely toxic and pose significant environmental and health risks. Consequently, mineralization and conversion to simple compounds are required to avoid their hazardous effects. A variety of enzymes from the bacterial system are thought to be involved in the degradation and metabolism of azo dyes. Bioremediation, a cost effective and eco-friendly biotechnology, involving bacteria is powered by bacterial enzymes. As mentioned, several enzymes from the bacterial system serve as molecular weapons in the degradation of these dyes. Among these enzymes, azoreductase, oxidoreductase, and laccase are of great interest for the degradation and decolorization of azo dyes. Combination of the oxidative and reductive enzymes is used for the removal of azo dyes from water. The aim of this review article is to provide information on the importance of bacterial enzymes. The review also discusses the genetically modified microorganisms in the biodegradation of azo dyes in polluted water.

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Model of wide-angle optical field propagation using scalar diffraction theory

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Far-field modeling of Moiré interferometry using scalar diffraction theory

Far-field modeling of Moiré interferometry using scalar diffraction theory

Improvement of matrix condition of Hybrid, space variant optics by the means of Parallel Optics design

Bacterial oxidoreductive enzymes as molecular weapons for the degradation and metabolism of the toxic azo dyes in wastewater: a review

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