“…Colloidal suspensions, the rheologically improved fluids, are typically prepared by the uniform dispersion of colloids [nanoparticles (NPs)] in base fluids such as oil, water, glycol, and polymeric solutions. Various colloidal particles such as alumina, copper oxide, zinc oxide, graphene, titania, and silica , have been explored in several industrial applications such as metal industry, , cement industry, wastewater treatment, , pharmaceutical, physiology (hemorheology), and food processing . NPs possess intrinsic properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, high surface energy, and superficial thermal and electrical conductivities, which make them better surface active agents than conventional surfactants.…”