Modeling and validation for zero emission buses

Feng, Xianyong; Lewis, Michael; Hearn, C.S.

doi:10.1109/itec.2017.7993321

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It should be noted that for BEBs charging infrastructure would be needed, either at centralized locations "depot charging", en route, or both [4,44]. The costs of such infrastructure are difficult to generalize since they depend on the charging strategies and facilities an agency employs, as discussed in [44]. Lajunen et al [5] finds, however, that employing en route charging is more cost-effective than using strictly overnight charging.…”

Section: Fuel Price Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Benefits of Electrifying and Automating Bus Transit Fleets

2020

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Diesel-powered, human-driven buses currently dominate public transit options in most U.S. cities, yet they produce health, environmental, and cost concerns. Emerging technologies may improve fleet operations by cost-effectively reducing emissions. This study analyzes both battery-electric buses and self-driving (autonomous) buses from both cost and qualitative perspectives, using the Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority’s bus fleet in Austin, Texas. The study predicts battery-electric buses, including the required charging infrastructure, will become lifecycle cost-competitive in or before the year 2030 at existing U.S. fuel prices ($2.00/gallon), with the specific year depending on the actual rate of cost decline and the diesel bus purchase prices. Rising diesel prices would result in immediate cost savings before reaching $3.30 per gallon. Self-driving buses will reduce or eliminate the need for human drivers, one of the highest current operating costs of transit agencies. Finally, this study develops adoption schedules for these technologies. Recognizing bus lifespans and driver contracts, and assuming battery-electric bus adoption beginning in year-2020, cumulative break-even (neglecting extrinsic benefits, such as respiratory health) occurs somewhere between 2030 and 2037 depending on the rate of battery cost decline and diesel-bus purchase prices. This range changes to 2028 if self-driving technology is available for simultaneous adoption on new electric bus purchases beginning in 2020. The results inform fleet operators and manufacturers of the budgetary implications of converting a bus fleet to electric power, and what cost parameters allow electric buses to provide budgetary benefits over their diesel counterparts.

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Section: Fuel Price Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Benefits of Electrifying and Automating Bus Transit Fleets

2020

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“…The torque that moves the vehicle is defined in (4) where m is the mass of the vehicle (kg), and ω is the angular speed of the wheel.…”

Section: Of 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO, USA) is used in [3] to model the vehicle with the aim of developing a power management strategy for an urban driving profile. MATLAB® (2017a, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) toolbox PSAT (2.1.11, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland) is used in [4] to model Zero-Emission Buses, and SIMULINK® (2019, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) is used in [5] to simulate a parallel hybrid powertrain and analyze the fuel consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step-by-Step Small-Signal Modeling and Control of a Light Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion System

et al. 2019

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This paper develops step-by-step a complete electric model of a light hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system. This model includes the vehicle mass, the radius and mass of the wheels, the aerodynamic profile of the vehicle, the electric motor and the motor drive, among other elements. Each element of the model is represented by a set of equations, which lead to getting an equivalent electric circuit. Based on this model, the outer and inner loop compensators of the motor drive control circuit are designed to provide stability and a fast dynamic response to the system. To achieve this, the steady-state equations and the small-signal model of the equivalent electric circuit are also obtained. Furthermore, as these elements are the main load of the power distribution system of the fully electric and light hybrid electric vehicle, the input impedance model of the set composed of the input filter, the motor drive, the motor, and the vehicle is presented. This input impedance is especially useful to get the system stability of the entire power distribution system.

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