“…The crisis classifier consists of two key components, namely the switching ARCH (SWARCH) model (Hamilton and Susmel, 1994) and two-peak (or valley-of-two-peaks) method (Rosenfeld and De La Torre, 1983). Instead of focusing on the return horizon, the proposed classifier tackles the problem from the perspective of the volatility (Rodriguez, 2007;Kim, 2013;Fink et al, 2016;BenSaïda, 2018;BenMim and BenSaïda, 2019). The switching ARCH (SWARCH) model is adopted to label crisis/noncrisis episodes with high/low volatility regimes that imply market turbulence/tranquility (Hamilton and Susmel, 1994;Hamilton and Gang, 1996;Ramchand and Susmel, 1998;Edwards and Susmel, 2001).…”