Modeling I/O buffers using X-parameters

Comberiate, Thomas M.; Schutt-Ainé, José E.

doi:10.1109/epeps.2013.6703459

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Simpler behavioral models have been proposed in the past to cope with this complexity. Examples are the various IBIS models [1], MπLog models [2], [3], Volterra-Laguerre models [4], Neural Network models [5], and more recently X-parameter-based models [6]. All these approaches provide a compromise between accuracy and complexity, with accuracy being very critical especially for highly nonlinear structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering-based nonlinear macromodels of high-speed differential drivers

Siviero

Grivet-Talocia

Olivadese

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 18th Workshop on Signal and Power Integrity (SPI)

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This paper introduces a scattering-based nonlinear macromodeling framework for high-speed differential drivers. Using an industrial test case, we show that the proposed scattering formulation enables more accurate and robust model identification with respect to standard voltage-current representations. The combination of proposed driver models with a Waveform Relaxation solver allows accurate and efficient transient channel simulation, including nonlinear and dynamic termination effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering-based nonlinear macromodels of high-speed differential drivers

Siviero

Grivet-Talocia

Olivadese

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 18th Workshop on Signal and Power Integrity (SPI)

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“…We can cite the various IBIS, Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (lookup table based) models [5], Mπlog [6], [7] and derived/improved models [8]- [10], Volterra-Laguerre models [11], [12], neural network models [13], and more recently X-parameter-based models [14]. Most of these approaches are compatible with standard circuit solvers, thus enabling more efficient transient analyses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromodel-Based Iterative Solvers for Simulation of High-Speed Links With Nonlinear Terminations

Olivadese

Grivet-Talocia

Siviero

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manufact. Technol.

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Data transmission on high-speed channels may be affected by several undesired effects, including coupling from nearby interconnects, dispersion, losses, signal reflections from terminations and from internal discontinuities, and nonlinear/dynamic effects of drivers and receivers. The latter are often neglected, leading to very fast solvers, whose results may, however, be questionable when driver/receiver nonlinearities are important. This paper presents a framework for the transient analysis of complex high-speed channels with arbitrary nonlinear termination circuits. The approach is based on decoupling channel and terminations through a scattering-based waveform relaxation (WR) formulation. The channels are here cast as delay-rational macromodels, which are solved in discrete time domain through fast delayed recursive convolutions. The terminations can be either arbitrary circuits, solved by SPICE, or nonlinear behavioral macromodels, which are here formulated in discrete-time scattering representations. To overcome the known convergence issues of standard WR methods, we apply here more general iterative solution schemes, such as generalized minimal residual and biconjugate gradient stabilized, integrated into inexact Newton iterations, obtaining a set of numerical schemes with guaranteed convergence. The excellent performance of the proposed approach is illustrated on a large set of benchmarks.

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Blackbox macro-modeling of the nonlinearity based on Volterra series representation of X-parameters

Xiong

Jiang

Schutt-Ainé

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 23rd Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems

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Volterra series representation is a powerful mathematical model for nonlinear devices. However, the difficulties in determining higher-order Volterra kernels limited its broader applications. This paper proposed a systematic approach that enables a convenient extraction of Volterra kernels from Xparameters for the first time. Then the Vandermonde method is employed to separate different orders of Volterra kernels at the same frequency, which leads to a highly efficient extraction process. The proposed Volterra series representation based on Xparameters is further benchmarked for verification. The proposed new algorithm is very useful for the blackbox macro-modeling of nonlinear devices and systems.

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Modeling I/O buffers using X-parameters

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Scattering-based nonlinear macromodels of high-speed differential drivers

Scattering-based nonlinear macromodels of high-speed differential drivers

Macromodel-Based Iterative Solvers for Simulation of High-Speed Links With Nonlinear Terminations

Blackbox macro-modeling of the nonlinearity based on Volterra series representation of X-parameters

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