Modeling nonlinearities of ultrasonic waves for fatigue damage characterization: Theory, simulation, and experimental validation

Hong, Minghui; Su, Zhongqing; Wang, Qiang; Li, Cheng; Qing, Xinlin

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.023

Cited by 138 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, mode control capabilities are very limited. Hong et al 56 reported β 0 for a pristine aluminum plate that appears to increase linearly with propagation distance. However, the PZT disc actuator actuates a circular crested wave whose primary amplitude decreases as 1∕ ffiffi ffi r p with propagation distance, so it is likely that the results are significantly affected by the primary wavefront spreading.…”

Section: Disc Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the PZT disc actuator actuates a circular crested wave whose primary amplitude decreases as 1∕ ffiffi ffi r p with propagation distance, so it is likely that the results are significantly affected by the primary wavefront spreading. Hong et al 56 also investigated the effect of a small fatigue crack on β 0 with PZT discs and finite element modeling that includes material nonlinearity as well as contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) from opening and closing of the crack. The authors plotted β 0 as a function of distance from the crack as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Disc Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors plotted β 0 as a function of distance from the crack as shown in Fig. 10 of Hong et al 56 In the experiment, a 4-mm long high-cycle fatigue crack half way through the thickness of the plate was initiated in a single edge notch sample. Material plasticity associated with dislocation dipoles was included in the model, but since the authors do not discuss the plastic zone size, it is implied that the material is modeled as being homogeneous.…”

Section: Disc Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive evaluation: theory, numerics, and experiments

2015

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Abstract. Interest in using the higher harmonic generation of ultrasonic guided wave modes for nondestructive evaluation continues to grow tremendously as the understanding of nonlinear guided wave propagation has enabled further analysis. The combination of the attractive properties of guided waves with the attractive properties of higher harmonic generation provides a very unique potential for characterization of incipient damage, particularly in plate and shell structures. Guided waves can propagate relatively long distances, provide access to hidden structural components, have various displacement polarizations, and provide many opportunities for mode conversions due to their multimode character. Moreover, higher harmonic generation is sensitive to changing aspects of the microstructures such as to the dislocation density, precipitates, inclusions, and voids. We review the recent advances in the theory of nonlinear guided waves, as well as the numerical simulations and experiments that demonstrate their utility. 1 Introduction Nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation uses interrogation signals at frequencies other than the excitation frequency to detect changes in structural integrity and characterize degradation of materials. Nonlinear ultrasonic methodologies provide improved sensitivity to damage and the ability to identify incipient damage relative to linear methods. In general, linear ultrasonic methods provide good sensitivity to macroscale damage such as long fatigue cracks. However, in many cases, once damage appears at the macroscale, the remaining life is short, severely limiting maintenance decisions. Thus, characterization of incipient damage could facilitate a paradigm shift in operations of structural systems from schedule-based to condition-based maintenance that would ultimately enhance safety and reduce life cycle costs. Nonlinear ultrasonics is a broad discipline 1,2 which encompasses many specialized techniques reliant upon nonlinear material behavior to detect and/or characterize incipient damage. Some of these include nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, 3 nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy, 4-6 and second-harmonic generation.

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Section: Disc Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disc Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disc Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive evaluation: theory, numerics, and experiments

2015

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“…Nevertheless, a qualitative conclusion that the S 2 mode accumulates along the propagation direction is achieved. In addition, among all these excited modes, S 1 and S 2 propagate with the fastest group velocity [32], which makes them superior to other mode pairs when dealing with material characterization or damage detection [32,33]. …”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Nonlinear Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the correction of diffraction based on the analytical 3-D nonlinear Raleigh wave is available [34], the analytical solution of the nonlinear Lamb wave taking the diffraction into account is yet to be developed. RANP deduced from the 2-D case (see Equation (8)) was used in most studies [32,33,35,36], which is also applied in this paper, while some works [37] tried to correct RANP for guided Lamb waves. Using RANP calculated from Equation (8), a qualitative agreement of RANP in the numerical 3-D case (Figure 7c) corresponds well with the 2-D case (Figure 4c).…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Nonlinear Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Hypervelocity Impact (HVI)-Induced Pitting Damage Using Active Guided Ultrasonic Waves: From Linear to Nonlinear

et al. 2017

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Hypervelocity impact (HVI), ubiquitous in low Earth orbit with an impacting velocity in excess of 1 km/s, poses an immense threat to the safety of orbiting spacecraft. Upon penetration of the outer shielding layer of a typical two-layer shielding system, the shattered projectile, together with the jetted materials of the outer shielding material, subsequently impinge the inner shielding layer, to which pitting damage is introduced. The pitting damage includes numerous craters and cracks disorderedly scattered over a wide region. Targeting the quantitative evaluation of this sort of damage (multitudinous damage within a singular inspection region), a characterization strategy, associating linear with nonlinear features of guided ultrasonic waves, is developed. Linear-wise, changes in the signal features in the time domain (e.g., time-of-flight and energy dissipation) are extracted, for detecting gross damage whose characteristic dimensions are comparable to the wavelength of the probing wave; nonlinear-wise, changes in the signal features in the frequency domain (e.g., second harmonic generation), which are proven to be more sensitive than their linear counterparts to small-scale damage, are explored to characterize HVI-induced pitting damage scattered in the inner layer. A numerical simulation, supplemented with experimental validation, quantitatively reveals the accumulation of nonlinearity of the guided waves when the waves traverse the pitting damage, based on which linear and nonlinear damage indices are proposed. A path-based rapid imaging algorithm, in conjunction with the use of the developed linear and nonlinear indices, is developed, whereby the HVI-induced pitting damage is characterized in images in terms of the probability of occurrence.

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Guided waves for damage identification in pipeline structures: A review

Guan

Duan

et al. 2017

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary Guided waves find their niche in cost‐effective damage identification in comparison with conventional nondestructive evaluation. Comprehensive research has been conducted since the 1980s, focusing on the detection of a wide variety of types of damage in metallic and composite structures. The main scope of this paper is to present a review of state‐of‐the‐art guided wave‐based approaches for damage identification in pipeline structures. Theoretical analyses of the interaction between linear and nonlinear guided waves and damage are addressed in detail. Numerical simulations and experimental studies of damage identification in pipeline structures using both linear and nonlinear guided waves are elaborated. Other issues including bends in pipes, effects of environmental and operational conditions on the performance of guided waves are another focus of this review. Future challenge in this field is summarised at the end of this review.

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Modeling nonlinearities of ultrasonic waves for fatigue damage characterization: Theory, simulation, and experimental validation

Cited by 138 publications

References 27 publications

Review of nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive evaluation: theory, numerics, and experiments

Review of nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive evaluation: theory, numerics, and experiments

Characterizing Hypervelocity Impact (HVI)-Induced Pitting Damage Using Active Guided Ultrasonic Waves: From Linear to Nonlinear

Guided waves for damage identification in pipeline structures: A review

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