“…The authors selected a model developed by Senda et al [10][11] as the base model since it is comprehensive with consideration of the effects of the liquid film (wall film) thickness, and the diameter and Weber number of the impinging droplets We1,n ( π π π£ , π β , Οl : liquid density, d1 : diameter of droplets impinging on a wall, and, v1,n : velocity component of droplets, normal to a wall, with, Οl : the surface tension). Further, the present study focuses on the wall film formation, and agreement of the wall film shape between the measurements and numerical simulation was demonstrated with the Senda model [28].…”