Modeling peat- and forestland conversion by oil palm smallholders in Indonesian Borneo

Schoneveld, G.C.; Ekowati, Dian; Andrianto, A.; Haar, Selma van der

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaf044

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore we conclude that rivers and estuaries in NW Borneo contribute significantly to the global riverine and estuarine emissions of both N 2 O and CH 4 . The environment of Borneo (and SE Asia) is affected by rapid changes due to (i) anthropogenic activities such as conversion of peatland into oil palm plantations (see, e.g., Austin et al, 2018;McAlpine et al, 2018;Schoneveld et al, 2019) and (ii) climatic changes (see, e.g., Sa'adi et al, 2017a, b;Tang, 2019) which, in turn, could significantly affect N 2 O and CH 4 emissions from soils (see, e.g., Jauhiainen et al, 2016;Oktarita et al, 2017). But little is known about how these changes will affect N 2 O and CH 4 emissions from aqueous systems such as rivers and estuaries in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CH 4 is produced during microbial respiration of organic matter by anaerobic methanogenesis in riverine and estuarine sediments (see, e.g., Borges and Abril, 2011;Romeijn et al, 2019;Stanley et al, 2016). A significant fraction of the CH 4 produced in sediments can be oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) via anaerobic CH 4 oxidation in sulfate-reducing zones of estuarine sediments (see, e.g., Maltby et al, 2018) and aerobic CH 4 oxidation in riverine sediments (see, e.g., Shelley et al, 2017). When released to the overlying riverine or estuarine water, CH 4 can be oxidized by aerobic CH 4 oxidation before reaching the atmosphere (see, e.g., Borges and Abril, 2011;Sawakuchi et al, 2016;Steinle et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are atmospheric trace gases which play important roles in the climate and atmospheric chemistry of the Earth. However, little is known about their emissions from rivers and estuaries, which seem to contribute significantly to the atmospheric budget of both gases. To this end concentrations of N2O and CH4 were measured in the Rajang, Maludam, Sebuyau and Simunjan rivers draining peatland in northwestern (NW) Borneo during two campaigns in March and September 2017. The Rajang River was additionally sampled in August 2016 and the Samunsam and Sematan rivers were additionally sampled in March 2017. The Maludam, Sebuyau, and Simunjan rivers are typical “blackwater” rivers with very low pH (3.7–7.8), very high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (235–4387 mmol L−1) and very low O2 concentrations (31–246 µmol L−1; i.e. 13 %–116 % O2 saturation). The spatial and temporal variability of N2O and CH4 concentrations (saturations) in the six rivers or estuaries was large and ranged from 2.0 nmol L−1 (28 %) to 41.4 nmol L−1 (570 %) and from 2.5 nmol L−1 (106 %) to 1372 nmol L−1 (57 459 %), respectively. We found no overall trends of N2O with O2 or NO3-, NO2- or NH4+, and there were no trends of CH4 with O2 or dissolved nutrients or DOC. N2O concentrations showed a positive linear correlation with rainfall. We conclude, therefore, that rainfall is the main factor determining the riverine N2O concentrations since N2O production or consumption in the blackwater rivers themselves seems to be low because of the low pH. CH4 concentrations were highest at salinity = 0 and most probably result from methanogenesis as part of the decomposition of organic matter under anoxic conditions. CH4 in the concentrations in the blackwater rivers showed an inverse relationship with rainfall. We suggest that CH4 oxidation in combination with an enhanced river flow after the rainfall events might be responsible for the decrease in the CH4 concentrations. The rivers and estuaries studied here were an overall net source of N2O and CH4 to the atmosphere. The total annual N2O and CH4 emissions were 1.09 Gg N2O yr−1 (0.7 Gg N yr−1) and 23.8 Gg CH4 yr−1, respectively. This represents about 0.3 %–0.7 % of the global annual riverine and estuarine N2O emissions and about 0.1 %–1 % of the global riverine and estuarine CH4 emissions. Therefore, we conclude that rivers and estuaries in NW Borneo – despite the fact their water area covers only 0.05 % of the global river/estuarine area – contribute significantly to global riverine and estuarine emissions of N2O and CH4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

et al. 2019

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“…(see e.g. (Austin et al, 2018;McAlpine et al, 2018;Schoneveld et al, 2019)) and (ii) climatic changes (see e.g. (Sa'adi et al, 2017a, b;Tang, 2019)) which, in turn, could significantly affect N 2 O and CH 4 emissions from soils (see e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Bange¹,

Sim²,

Daniel³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are atmospheric trace gases which play important roles of the climate and atmospheric chemistry of the Earth. However, little is known about their emissions from rivers and estuaries which seem to contribute significantly to the atmospheric budget of both gases. To this end concentrations of N2O and CH4 were measured in the Rajang, Maludam, Sebuyau and Simunjan Rivers draining peatland in northwestern (NW) Borneo during two campaigns in March and September 2017. The Rajang River was additionally sampled in August 2016 and the Samusam and Sematan Rivers were additionally sampled in March 2017. The Maludam, Sebuyau, and Simunjan Rivers are typical "blackwater" rivers with very low pH, very high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and very low O2 concentrations. The spatial and temporal variability of N2O and CH4 concentrations (saturations) in the six rivers/estuaries was large and ranged from 2.0&#8201;nmol&#8201;L&#8722;1 (28&#8201;%) to 41.4&#8201;nmol&#8201;L&#8722;1 (570&#8201;%) and from 2.5&#8201;nmol&#8201;L&#8722;1 (106&#8201;%) to 1372&#8201;nmol&#8201;L&#8722;1 (57,459&#8201;%), respectively. We found no overall trends of N2O with O2 or NO3&#8722;, NO2&#8722;, NH4+ and there were no trends of CH4 with O2 or dissolved nutrients or DOC. N2O concentrations showed a positive linear correlation with rainfall. We conclude, therefore, that rainfall is the main factor determining the riverine N2O concentrations since N2O production/consumption in the "blackwater" rivers themselves seems to be unlikely because of the low pH. In contrast CH4 concentrations showed an inverse relationship with rainfall. CH4 concentrations were highest at salinity&#8201;=&#8201;0 and most probably result from methanogenesis as part of the decomposition of organic matter under anoxic conditions. We speculate that CH4 oxidation, which can be high when the water discharge is high (e.g. after rainfall events), is responsible for the decrease of the CH4 concentrations along the salinity gradients. The rivers and estuaries studied here were an overall net source of N2O and CH4 to the atmosphere. The total annual N2O and CH4 emissions were 1.09&#8201;Gg&#8201;N2O&#8201;yr-1 (0.7&#8201;Gg&#8201;N&#8201;yr-1) and 23.8&#8201;Gg&#8201;CH4&#8201;yr-1, respectively. This represents about 0.3&#8211;0.7&#8201;% of the global annual riverine and estuarine N2O emissions and about 0.1&#8211;1&#8201;% of the global riverine and estuarine CH4 emissions. Therefore, we conclude that rivers and estuaries in NW Borneo &#8211;despite the fact their water area covers only 0.05&#8201;% of the global river/estuarine area&#8211; contribute significantly to global riverine and estuarine emissions of N2O and CH4.

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“…Some peatlands worldwide have been used in agriculture (Yu et al 2018), for grazing (Noble et al 2018) and for growing crops (Kandel et al 2013). Large areas of tropical peatlands have in recent years been cleared and drained (Rival 2018; Schoneveld et al 2018). Peat is being extracted for industrial and domestic fuel, as well as for use in horticulture and gardening (Parish et al 2008;Schoneveld et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large areas of tropical peatlands have in recent years been cleared and drained (Rival 2018; Schoneveld et al 2018). Peat is being extracted for industrial and domestic fuel, as well as for use in horticulture and gardening (Parish et al 2008;Schoneveld et al 2018). Local people traditionally benefit from peat swamp forests for timber to build their houses, nutrient-rich wild food and fish to supplement their diet, clean water and access to medicinal plants (Gunawan 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of gender equity in household: A case from a peatland-based community in Riau, Indonesia

Herawati

Rohadi

Rahmat³

et al. 2019

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Herawati T, Rohadi D, Rahmat M, Winarno B. 2019. An exploration of gender equity in household: A case from a peatland-based community in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 853-861. Gender roles in peatland-based communities’ livelihoods are an important factor in livelihood vulnerability due to challenging characteristics for conducting agriculture in this area. This article reports on a study of gender roles in Riau Province in 7 villages in 3 districts, aiming to identify significant attributes that determining gender equity at the household level. The data was collected through structured interviews in 221 households, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions in every village. The research indicated that gender roles in agricultural activities are significantly dominated by men, while women play a more significant role in domestic activities. Both men and women contribute equally in the social life of the community; women’s participation and group membership is equal to men’s. Poor families tend to have higher gender equity in agricultural activities than rich households. The role of women in wealthier households is not in their physical contribution on the land but is mostly transformed into a decision making role. This indicates that women have a significant role in family livelihoods for both poor and rich families, but in different forms.

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Modeling peat- and forestland conversion by oil palm smallholders in Indonesian Borneo

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

An exploration of gender equity in household: A case from a peatland-based community in Riau, Indonesia

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Modeling peat- and forestland conversion by oil palm smallholders in Indonesian Borneo

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) and methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) and methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) and methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

An exploration of gender equity in household: A case from a peatland-based community in Riau, Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo

Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo