Modeling the bloom dynamics of the polymorphic phytoplankter Phaeocystis globosa: impact of grazers and viruses

Ruardij, P.; Veldhuis, Marcel J.W.; Brussaard, Corina P. D.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2004.12.011

Cited by 79 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…In doing so, we highlight multiple priorities. First, it is essential to extend the current model to link increasingly strain-resolved information on microbial and viral diversity (Breitbart et al, 2002;Edwards and Rohwer, 2005;Allen et al, 2011) and interactions between viruses and their hosts (Flores et al, 2011;Deng et al, 2012;Weitz et al, 2013) the aggregated representation of virus-host interactions and nutrient feedbacks presented here (see the example of a calibrated model for dynamics including viruses of the algae Phaeocystis globosa; Ruardij et al, 2005). Strain-specific interactions also include the change in host physiology that occurs during infection, whether preceding lysis (Lindell et al, 2007;Ankrah et al, 2014) or during long-term associations with hosts, for example, lysogeny (McDaniel et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multitrophic model to quantify the effects of marine viruses on microbial food webs and ecosystem processes

et al. 2015

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Viral lysis of microbial hosts releases organic matter that can then be assimilated by nontargeted microorganisms. Quantitative estimates of virus-mediated recycling of carbon in marine waters, first established in the late 1990s, were originally extrapolated from marine host and virus densities, host carbon content and inferred viral lysis rates. Yet, these estimates did not explicitly incorporate the cascade of complex feedbacks associated with virus-mediated lysis. To evaluate the role of viruses in shaping community structure and ecosystem functioning, we extend dynamic multitrophic ecosystem models to include a virus component, specifically parameterized for processes taking place in the ocean euphotic zone. Crucially, we are able to solve this model analytically, facilitating evaluation of model behavior under many alternative parameterizations. Analyses reveal that the addition of a virus component promotes the emergence of complex communities. In addition, biomass partitioning of the emergent multitrophic community is consistent with well-established empirical norms in the surface oceans. At steady state, ecosystem fluxes can be probed to characterize the effects that viruses have when compared with putative marine surface ecosystems without viruses. The model suggests that ecosystems with viruses will have (1) increased organic matter recycling, (2) reduced transfer to higher trophic levels and (3) increased net primary productivity. These model findings support hypotheses that viruses can have significant stimulatory effects across whole-ecosystem scales. We suggest that existing efforts to predict carbon and nutrient cycling without considering virus effects are likely to miss essential features of marine food webs that regulate global biogeochemical cycles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multitrophic model to quantify the effects of marine viruses on microbial food webs and ecosystem processes

et al. 2015

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“…Model kept evolving in complexity and detail ever since (e.g., Pasquer et al, 2005;Libralato and Solidoro, 2009;Ramin et al, 2012;Hasumi and Nagata, 2014), but viruses have been mostly kept out of this evolution in the algorithms. Some models, however, have addressed the dynamic of viruses with considerable detail, but not in a full ecological modeling framework (Angly et al, 2006), by tackling the specific virus-host relationship (Ruardij et al, 2005) having as a start point previous modeling approaches of virus-host relationships (Murray and Jackson, 1992). Viral-induced lysis was eventually included in complex marine models with the parameterization of phytoplankton cell lysis largely based on empirical findings.…”

Section: Current State Of Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Modeling Viruses in Marine Systems—An Upcoming Frontier

Mateus

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world's oceans. Their potential control on the dynamics and diversity of bacterioplankton and some phytoplankton groups, and consequent effect on the flow of energy and matter in food webs, may be argued as beyond dispute. Paradoxically, their importance seems to be persistently underestimated by marine modelers, frequently by exclusion, despite the uninterrupted volume of knowledge advanced during the past decades. Bridging the gap between knowing and modeling the role of viruses is, undoubtedly, one of the upcoming frontiers to be crossed in modeling the plankton. This paper has a two-fold objective: (1) review the knowledge on the roles of viruses in marine systems that has been put forward over the past decades, and (2) see how viruses have been incorporated into marine ecosystem models, along with the factors that are limiting their inclusion.

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“…A recently published ecosystem model that was calibrated with a large data set from P. globosa mesocosm experiments (Ruardij et al 2005) suggested that the fraction of infective PgV successfully infecting P. globosa cells increased steeply over the course of the bloom to a maximum of 0.035 (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Occurrence and Dynamics Of Phaeocystis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results suggest that the colonial form of Phaeocystis is indeed an excellent mechanism to prevent viral infection. Interestingly, a recently developed mathematical ecosystem model including a detailed virus module (Ruardij et al 2005) suggests that the size of the colonies strongly reduces the chance of infection per cell (and not the gelatinous matrix). The physical principle of the spherical equivalent diameter determining the encounter rate was modeled earlier by Murray and Jackson (1992).…”

Section: Resistance To Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phaeocystis and its interaction with viruses

et al. 2007

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Over the years, viruses have been shown to be mortality agents for a wide range of phytoplankton species, including species within the genus Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyceae). With its polymorphic life cycle, its worldwide distribution, and the capacity of several of the Phaeocystis species to form dense blooms, this genus is a key player for our understanding of biogeochemical cycling of elements. This paper provides an overview of what is know to date about the ecological role of viruses in regulating Phaeocystis population dynamics. It explores which variables aVect the algal host-virus interactions, and examines the impact of virally induced cell lysis of Phaeocystis on the function and structure of the pelagic food web as well as on the Xow of organic carbon and nutrients.

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Modeling the bloom dynamics of the polymorphic phytoplankter Phaeocystis globosa: impact of grazers and viruses

Cited by 79 publications

References 47 publications

A multitrophic model to quantify the effects of marine viruses on microbial food webs and ecosystem processes

A multitrophic model to quantify the effects of marine viruses on microbial food webs and ecosystem processes

Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Modeling Viruses in Marine Systems—An Upcoming Frontier

Phaeocystis and its interaction with viruses

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