Modeling the impact of GIC neutral blocking devices on distance protection relay operations for transmission lines

Assessment of the Phase-to-Ground Fault Apparent Admittance Method with Phase/Ground Boundaries to Detect Types of Electrical Faults for Protective Relays Using Signature Library and Simulated Events

“…e protection algorithm for the PGFA admittance method with phase/ground boundaries was performed in a MATLAB/Simulink model, using simulations with a time step of 50 microseconds for the simulated grid events, at the 12.47 kV Riverside-EPB of Chattanooga utility grid. However, in the signature library events (SIGID-931, SIGID-932, SIGID-933, and SIGID-934) for the optical power line sensor deployed on the field at the 46 kV EPB of Chattanooga electrical substation, the sampling frequency of the events was 20,000 Hz that represents 333.33 samples per cycle, based on equation (23), and a time step of 50 microseconds, based on Equation (22). It shows the important role of the sampling frequency in the computational burden process for the PGFA admittance method with phase/ ground boundaries.…”

“…is diagram represents the variation over time of the impedance of the transmission line [21] at the relay location (apparent impedance). en, the PGFA impedance algorithm from Piesciorovsky and Tarditi [22] was modified to measure the inverse of impedance (admittance) magnitudes, to detect the types of electrical faults for the A, B, and C phases, by also adding a phase/ ground detection logic block. e justifications of the PGFA admittance method with phase/ground boundaries and assessment to detect the types of electrical faults were based on the current situations and resulting in the novelties shown in Table1.…”