Modeling the Mullins effect in elastomers swollen by palm biodiesel

Andriyana, Andri; Loo, Mei Sze; Chagnon, Grégory; Verron, Erwan; Ch’ng, S.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ijengsci.2015.06.005

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In the Gaussian limit, the stress-stretch response of a chain with constant chain length approaches a linear trend at large stretches and the gradient drops with larger relative elongation, leading to decreasing gradients of the de-stretching curves at relaxation points (circles in Figure 2). This is in stark contrast to the almost-vertical gradients for relaxation stress-stretch curves seen in experiments [17,[28][29][30] and an important reason is that when a chain is close to the point of delamination, the physical end-to-end distance might be the same order as the contour length of the polymer chain; in this case, Langevin chain statistics [24,31], rather than the Gaussian one, is needed.…”

Section: Ideal Mullins Effect a Gaussian Chain Casementioning

confidence: 75%

Modelling Mullins Effect Induced by Chain Delamination and Reattachment

Qian¹,

Meng²

2020

Preprint

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We propose a continuum theory to model the Mullins effect, which is ubiquitously observed in polymer composites. In the theory, the softening of the materials during the stretching process is accounted for by considering the delamination of polymer chains from nano-/micro-sized fillers, and the recovery effect during the de-stretching process is due to the reattachment of the polymer chains to nano-/micro-sized fillers. By incorporating the chain entanglements, Log-Normal distribution of the mesh size in the network, etc., we can obtain a good agreement between our numerical calculation results and existing experimental data. This physical theory can be easily adapted to meet more practical needs and utilised in analysing mechanic properties of polymer composites.

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Section: Ideal Mullins Effect a Gaussian Chain Casementioning

confidence: 75%

Modelling Mullins Effect Induced by Chain Delamination and Reattachment

Qian¹,

Meng²

2020

Preprint

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“…Although most of MEMS material is fabricated by polysilicon (Dellaert and Doutreloigne, 2014; Hussein et al., 2015; Kumar and Sharma, 2014), CDM can still be reasonably used into MEMS material. According to the applications of CDM, almost all materials can be applied to damage mechanics, such as metals (Cheng and Li,2020;Fan et al.,2020), polymers (Din et al., 2018), elastomers (Andriyana et al., 2015), composites (Fang et al., 2017), and concrete (Wu et al., 2020). Even if the failure mechanisms vary on the micro scale, they have more or less the same qualitative behaviors on meso- or macroscales (Lemaitre and Desmorat, 2005).…”

Section: Development Of Creep Damage Model For Microelectromechanical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of thermo-mechanical coupling damage behavior in long-term performance of microelectromechanical systems actuators

Jia-xing

2021

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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Effective numerical analysis is significant for the optimal design and reliability evaluation of MEMS, but the complexity of multi-physical field couplings and irreversible damage accumulation in long-term performance make the analysis difficult. In the present paper, the continuum damage mechanics method is used to develop a creep damage model and conduct long-term performance analysis for MEMS thermal actuators with coupled thermo-mechanical damage behavior. The developed damage model can make a connection between the material deterioration due to microstructure changes and the macroscopic responses (the change of thermo-mechanical performance or structure failure). The numerical simulations of coupled thermo-mechanical behavior in long-term performance are implemented using the finite element method, which is validated through comparison with previous literature. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed damage model and numerical method can provide effective assessment in the long-term performance of MEMS thermal actuators.

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“…To this end, a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical behaviour with respect to the stress softening and stress recovery is necessary. After Mullins' work in 1948 [29], the effect was researched extensively via both experimental studies [30,31,32] and mathematical modelling procedures [33,34,35,36,37,38]. Some works also considered about softening behaviour of different deformation modes and the softening induced anisotropy, see for example [35,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stress recovery behaviour of Ecoflex silicone rubbers

Liao

Yang

Hossain

et al. 2021

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

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Silicone rubbers are promising materials that have extensively been used in many areas, including wearable electronic devices, actuator materials in soft robotics, and energy harvesters. Ecoflex, a commercially available polymer, is a group of silicone rubbers appearing with various Shore hardnesses that has become popular in recent years. While silicone rubbers in their real applications are subjected to repeated loadingunloading conditions, their mechanical behaviour under cyclic loading in different deformation modes and the corresponding stress recovery behaviour are yet to be well investigated. In this contribution, we conduct loading-unloading cyclic experiments in different time gaps between the first cycle and the second cycle to demonstrate the stress recovery behaviour after stress softening happens during the first cycle. For that, three different modes of deformations, i.e., uniaxial tension, planar tension, and equibiaxial tension tests are selected. Besides, Shore hardness dependence with different strain levels is also taken into consideration. The results show that the stress softening could recover significantly with time. These findings will help to understand the mechanical behaviour of Ecoflex silicone rubbers before selecting them in practical applications that are exposed to repeated loading-unloading cycles.

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Modeling the Mullins effect in elastomers swollen by palm biodiesel

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Modelling Mullins Effect Induced by Chain Delamination and Reattachment

Modelling Mullins Effect Induced by Chain Delamination and Reattachment

Analysis of thermo-mechanical coupling damage behavior in long-term performance of microelectromechanical systems actuators

On the stress recovery behaviour of Ecoflex silicone rubbers

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