Modelling green roof stormwater response for different soil depths

Feitosa, Renato Castiglia; Wilkinson, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.007

Cited by 70 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The change of natural hydrological conditions due to the rapid urbanisation may have a strong impact on the amount and quality of outflows to systems. The fundamental problem in this case will be a multiple increase of runoff from impermeable surfaces compared to the biological surface, and hence the control of storm water runoff is of key importance for the limitation of the effect of urbanisation on water cycle in these conditions, and it will also be one of the adaptation strategies of cities to climate change [1][2][3][4][5]. Various practices are known, consisting in the management of the runoff of rain waters, including all forms of recreation of green areas, restoring to a varying degree the hydrological properties of areas [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Pęczkowski

Kowalczyk

Szawernoga

et al. 2018

Water

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Within the scope of the conducted experiment the authors analysed the efficiency of runoff reduction by the system of extensive type green roofs. The observations were based on storm events in the area of Lower Silesia at the Agro and Hydrometeorology Station Wrocław-Swojec. The authors analysed the thickness of plant substrate, and also estimated the quality of runoff waters under the conditions of periodic atmospheric deposition. Also considered were such indicators as electrolytic conductivity, N, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, P, PO43−. The experiment included roof substrates designed in two variants, with known hydraulic and physical properties of the soil material. The analysis was performed for models with vegetation layer based on pumice and zelolite, covered with five plant species from the sedum family. The modelling of the hydraulic properties was conducted with variably saturated medium, using the Hydrus 1D software. The performance of systems with primary layer thickness of 11 cm and 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 cm was estimated. The designed models reduced the average peak flows to 89%, and in addition they caused a delay in the initiation of the runoff which was dependent on the intensity and distribution of rainfalls in time, and on the initial moisture of the profiles. Simulations, performed for variable substrate thickness, permit the conclusion that in the case of thin-layer profiles (5 cm), the relative retention index was decidedly lower and amounted to 35.9% for the substrate with zeolite (originally 60.6%) and 41% for the substrate with pumice (originally 65.7%). In the case of total nitrogen and phosphates, statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to specific concentrations in the rainwater and in the control surface. The total nitrogen in the runoff from the green roof was nearly twice as high as that in the rainwater and amounted to, on average, 8.3 mg L−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Pęczkowski

Kowalczyk

Szawernoga

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Water retention capacity and available water content could be greatly improved by organic manures [37], organic waste recycled in agriculture [38], Zeolites [39], the use of different types of biochar [40][41][42], or synthetic hydrogels [43,44]. Constructed green roofs with a deeper substrate layer could also retain more water and reduce runoff volume [45][46][47]. However, this option may not be applicable because the most extensive green roof has strict load limits [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resilience by Centipedegrass Green Roof: A Case Study

et al. 2019

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Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) is a low-maintenance turfgrass. The first extensive green roof of centipedegrass was established in TongZhou Civil Squares in 2014. However, storm-water-runoff reduction, water-retention capacity, and plant-water requirements by a centipedegrass green roof has not yet been defined. The soil moisture dynamics, rainwater-retention capacity, runoff reduction, and plant evapotranspiration were investigated by simulated centipedegrass green roof plots, which were constructed in the same manner as the green roofs in TongZhou Civil Squares in 2018. The results showed that the centipedegrass green roof retained 705.54 mm of rainwater, which consisted 47.4% of runoff reduction. The saturated soil moisture was 33.4 ± 0.6%; the excess rainfall over the saturated soil moisture resulted in runoff. The capacity of rainwater retention was negatively related to the soil moisture before rain events and was driven by plant evapotranspiration. Drought symptoms only occurred three times over the course of a year when the soil moisture dropped down to 10.97%. Our results indicate that the rainwater retained in the soil almost met the needs of plant consumption; a further increase of rainwater retention capacity might achieve an irrigation-free design in a centipedegrass green roof.

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“…The GRS typically contains four layers (from top to bottom): vegetation, soil, filter, and drainage [25]. The single precipitation events and continuous precipitation for three types of roof systems (i.e., TRS, GRS, and IGRS) were simulated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM, V. 5.1) which contains the LID package that accommodates green roofs and other new techniques [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Green Roof Potential to Mitigate Urban Flooding in a Chinese City

Liu

Sun

Niu

et al. 2020

Water

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The Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) region, which has humid subtropical climate conditions and unique plum rain season, is characterized by a simultaneous high-frequency urban flooding and reduction in groundwater levels. Retrofitting the existing buildings into green roofs is a promising approach to combat urban flooding, especially for a densely developed city. Here, the application potential of the Green Roof System (GRS) and the Improved Green Roof System (IGRS) designed to divert overflowing water from green roofs to recharge groundwater were analyzed in a densely developed city, Nanchang, China. For the first time, the influence of GRS on the hydraulic condition of Combined Sewage System/Storm Water System (CSS/SWS) is analyzed, which is a direct reflection of the effect of GRS on alleviating urban flooding. The simulation results show that GRS can retain about 41–75% of precipitation in a 2-hour timescale and the flooding volumes in the GRS/IGRS region are 82% and 28% less than those of the Traditional Roof System (TRS) in 10- and 100-yr precipitation events, respectively. In the continuous simulations, GRS also enhances Evapotranspiration (ET), which accounts for 39% of annual precipitation, so that reduces the cumulative surface runoff. Considering the IGRS can provide more hydrological benefits than the GRS under the same climate conditions, we may conclude that the widespread implementation of both the GRS and the IGRS in Nanchang and other densely developed cities in the MLRYR region could significantly reduce surface and peak runoff rates.

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Modelling green roof stormwater response for different soil depths

Cited by 70 publications

References 30 publications

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Water Resilience by Centipedegrass Green Roof: A Case Study

Modeling Green Roof Potential to Mitigate Urban Flooding in a Chinese City

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