Modelling the maximum voluntary joint torque/angular velocity relationship in human movement

Yeadon, Maurice R.; King, Mark A.; Wilson, Cassie

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.012

Cited by 70 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…4 Fitted differential activation represents the lower level of the sigmoid ramp curve and the fraction by which the tetanic torques are lowered to obtain the maximum voluntary torques in the eccentric and low velocity concentric region (Forrester et al, 2011;Yeadon et al, 2006) A summary of the raw peak torque data achieved by subjects for knee extensors and flexors is presented in Table 2. Raw peak torque occurred at much higher velocities for the stimulation condition (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following a warm up, maximum voluntary isometric torque was measured at five angles equally distributed across the subject's range of motion. Maximum voluntary eccentric-concentric trials were measured at 10 angular velocities (± 100, 200, 300, 400, 50° s -1 ) following the protocol developed by Yeadon et al (2006) with two repetitions at each velocity and a rest interval of at least two minutes between each trial. Knee range of motion was from 5° to 100° of knee flexion for the quadriceps and 5° to 90° for the hamstrings (0° corresponded to an extended knee).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The torque–velocity relationship in large human muscles: Maximum voluntary versus electrically stimulated behaviour

Pain

Young

Kim

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The torque–velocity relationship in large human muscles: Maximum voluntary versus electrically stimulated behaviour

Pain

Young

Kim

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…The torque T exerted at a joint was calculated as the product of the activation level a t and the maximum voluntary torque defined by a nine-parameter function of contractile element angle and angular velocity (Yeadon et al, 2006a;King et al, 2006). Specifically a six parameter function f(ω) was used to describe the torque -angular velocity relationship multiplied by the isometric torque parameter T iso (Yeadon et al, 2006a) and a two-parameter quadratic function f(θ) for the torque-angle relationship (King et al, 2006) as in equation (1). T = a t ⋅T iso ⋅f(ω)⋅f(θ) (1) The activation level of each torque generator was allowed to ramp up or down using a quintic function with zero first and second derivatives at the endpoints (Yeadon and Hiley, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining effective subject-specific strength levels for forward dives using computer simulations of recorded performances

King

Kong

Yeadon

2009

Journal of Biomechanics

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This study used optimisation procedures in conjunction with an 8-segment torque-driven computer simulation model of the takeoff phase in springboard diving to determine appropriate subjectspecific strength parameters for use in the simulation of forward dives. Kinematic data were obtained using high-speed video recordings of performances of a forward dive pike (101B) and a forward 2½ somersault pike dive (105B) by an elite diver. Nine parameters for each torque generator were taken from dynamometer measurements on an elite gymnast. The isometric torque parameter for each torque generator was then varied together with torque activation timings until the root mean squared (RMS) percentage difference between simulation and performance in terms of joint angles, orientation, linear momentum, angular momentum, and duration of springboard contact was minimised for each of the two dives. The two sets of isometric torque parameters were combined into a single set by choosing the larger value from the two sets for each parameter. Simulations using the combined set of isometric torque parameters matched the two performances closely with RMS percentage differences of 2.6% for 101B and 3.7% for 105B. Maximising the height reached by the mass centre during the flight phase for 101B using the combined set of isometric parameters and by varying torque generator activation timings during takeoff resulted in a credible height increase of 38 mm compared to the matching simulation. It is concluded that the procedure is able to determine appropriate effective strength levels suitable for use in the optimisation of simulated forward dive performances. IntroductionComputer simulation models of various sports movements have been developed in order to investigate the mechanics of optimum performance (Alexander, 1990;King and Yeadon, 2004;Koh et al., 2003). Crucial to the development of such models is that they must be accurate representations of the biomechanical systems being studied. To assess the accuracy of a simulation model and show that it is sufficiently complex to represent the biological system, subject-specific values of inertia, strength and visco-elastic parameters are required so that the output of the model can be compared to recorded performances by the same subject in a quantitative manner . Subject-specific strength parameters are difficult to determine and have typically been calculated from isovelocity torque measurements on the subject over a range of joint angles and angular velocities at each joint Yeadon, 2002, King et al., 2006;Mills et al., 2008). The limitations of this technique are that it requires access to the subject and it can be difficult for the subject to produce maximal torque values during each trial on the dynamometer.Recently, torque-driven computer simulation models have been used to provide insights into springboard diving takeoff techniques. Cheng and Hubbard (2004) used a two-segment model with theoretically assigned muscle parameters to optimise knee extension strategies for maximum ...

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“… Subject-specific parameters: inertia parameters calculated from anthropometric measurements on the participant and data in the literature (Yeadon, 1990;Yeadon, King, Forrester, Caldwell, Pain, 2010); joint torque parameters determined from strength measurements on the participant Yeadon, King and Wilson, 2006); elastic parameters calculated using an angle-driven version of the model (Yeadon, King, Forrester, Caldwell, Pain, 2010).  Model input: initial kinematic conditions at touchdown and joint angle time histories for the elbow and neck joints; torque activation profiles for each of the torque generators.…”

Section: Drop Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the development of whole body computer simulation modelling of sports technique

King

Yeadon

2013

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

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Computer simulation models have been used to address a range of research questions in sports biomechanics related to understanding the mechanics of sports movements, contributions to performance, optimisation of sports technique and control of sports movements. This paper will describe how theoretical models used in sports biomechanics have been developed at Loughborough University over the last 20 years, detailing their various components, subject-specific parameters, model evaluation, key findings and the strengths / limitations and how models could be further progressed in the future. With each model a four stage methodology has been used to answer specific research questions: development of the simulation model, determination of subjectspecific parameters, evaluation of the model, and application of the model. These computer simulation models have provided insight into the mechanics behind sports movements that would not be possible through observing performance and have established the factors that limit optimal performance. In the future computer simulation models of sports movements will continue to develop in terms of sophistication to include elements such as joint compression and will provide further insight into the mechanics underlying sports movements.

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Modelling the maximum voluntary joint torque/angular velocity relationship in human movement

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

The torque–velocity relationship in large human muscles: Maximum voluntary versus electrically stimulated behaviour

The torque–velocity relationship in large human muscles: Maximum voluntary versus electrically stimulated behaviour

Determining effective subject-specific strength levels for forward dives using computer simulations of recorded performances

Advances in the development of whole body computer simulation modelling of sports technique

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