“…Though SDT has been eclipsed, numerically, by other theories in the intervening years (Boo et al, 2015), its impact has remained strong-perhaps due to its theoretical and empirical consistency. That is, SDT research in the interim has indicated its robust applicability in multiple language learning contexts, including elementary school (Carreira, 2012), secondary school (Fryer & Oga-Baldwin, 2019), university (Joe et al, 2017), online learning (K. C. Chen & Jang, 2010), and independent language learning (Mynard & Shelton-Strong, 2022), with studies representing each of these contexts in multiple cultural settings, including China (C. Chen et al, 2021), Iran (Karbakhsh & Safa, 2020), Malaysia (Khong & Kabilan, 2020) and Saudi Arabia (Alamer & Lee, 2021), in addition to the more commonly represented samples found in the United States (Davis, 2020), the UK (Parrish, 2020), Belgium (Rogiers et al, 2020), and Canada (Noels et al, 2019).…”