Modern Urban Development: Socioecological Concepts and their Reception in an Analysis of Vilnius Cityʼs Structure during 1870–1914

Žiemelis, Darius; Ambrulevičiūtė, Aelita

doi:10.15388/lis.2018.0.11913

Cited by 3 publications

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“…commuter zone), atsiradimą. Priemiesčiai yra labiausiai nutolusios miesto vietovės, kurių gyventojai priversti kasdien keliauti į miesto centrą [101,[111][112].…”

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“…XIX a. pabaigos -XX a. pradžios JAV miestų struktūrų raidos modelis sutelktas į rezidencinių zonų plėtros procesus, kurių pagrindinis stimulas -socialinių grupių konkurencija dėl miesto žemės ir rajonų ekspansija -labiau tinka rezidencinių zonų tyrimams. Pavyzdžiui, 1870-1914 m. Vilniuje identifikuotini keturių iš penkių E. Burgesso koncentrinių zonų apmatai [101,122] dėl Vilniaus raidos specifikos yra išsidėstę kita tvarka [101,[116][117][118][119]. Tačiau E. Burgesso modelis neapima miestų gamybinio potencialo ir funkcinio (pramoninio) zonavimo, organizuoto miestų projektavimo ir planavimo perspektyvos, nulemtų įvairios gamybinės veiklos ir industrijos miestuose.…”

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“…Miestiečių įvairovė pasireiškia skirtinga specializacija, ekonominiu ir socialiniu statusu, gebėjimu konkuruoti dėl ribotos erdvės, taip pat rezidenciniais skirtumais. Tad skirtingo socioekonominio statuso miestiečių koncentracija tam tikrose miesto teritorijose suformuoja įvairias miesto socialines erdves [101,110,121]. reorganizacijos pokyčius.…”

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Sociotopography of Vilnius: Industrial Zones and their Development (1870–1914)

Ambrulevičiūtė¹

2018

lituanistica

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The scheme for the formation of the industrial zone of Vilnius is best supported by Homer Hoyt’s city development model (the sector theory). At the initial stage of industrialization of Vilnius, the industrial zone evolved along the most important transport arteries (the Vilnelė and the Neris rivers, the railway, closer to Kaunas and Kalvarija highways). They extended from south-eastern and southern part to the western part of the city and occupied the north-western and the northern parts of the city. Industrial buildings arranged in this way correspond to Hoyt’s second (transport and industrial) urban sector. Next to it there were residential zones of lower-class inhabitants in Naujamiestis, Šnipiškės, and Paupys; there was also a cone-shaped zone in the suburb of Lukiškės, in the section of Gedimino Avenue formed by Juozo Tumo-Vaižganto Street and Žvėryno Bridge, which was populated by the middle-class. Its manifestations can also be seen at the fringes of the suburbs of Šnipiškės and Paupys. Judging from the dominant industries, the environmental impact of industrial enterprises must have been felt in certain urban areas. Although all types of factories used the rivers for waste disposal and polluted them, the greatest environmental impact in Vilnius was caused by the companies processing leather and other raw materials of animal origin. They were most common in Vilnius, but their concentration in one district of the city (Lukiškės) formed a pollution zone along the river below the city and had no significant impact on the city itself. This is evidenced by the formation of middle-class neighbourhoods of rented houses and cottages in the section of Gedimino Avenue behind Tumo-Vaižganto Street, in TumoVaižganto Street and around it, and is a proof that the fourth zone (inhabited by skilled workers and higher-class civil servants and intellectuals) was forming. Due to close proximity of brickworks, leather processing factories, dyehouses, and other enterprises and residential buildings, the damage to the environment and human health caused by the factories must have been more severe in Šnipiškės. The factories of Paupys, which at that time were considered modern, best equipped, and of high sanitary norms, still polluted the water of the Vilnelė, which was the source of drinking water for the inhabitants further along the river, most of whom belonged to lower and middle classes. Šnipiškės were also a residential area with emerging neighbourhoods of low-income unskilled workers.

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“…commuter zone), atsiradimą. Priemiesčiai yra labiausiai nutolusios miesto vietovės, kurių gyventojai priversti kasdien keliauti į miesto centrą [101,[111][112].…”

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Sociotopography of Vilnius: Industrial Zones and their Development (1870–1914)

Ambrulevičiūtė¹

2018

lituanistica

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Urban Studies in Lithuania: What They Display and Conceal about Vilnius

Šarūnas

2019

STA

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This article analyses the dominant discourses about cities in Lithuanian urban studies. Approaching urban processes in a different way, I suggest to study cities as a dense cluster of dwellings and consider housing as the main field (the Bourdieu’s concept) that structures the material forms of the city. In the first two sections of the article I consider the case of Vilnius and criticize the dominant natural and geopolitical categories and metaphors as limiting our understanding about urban processes. In the third part I argue how a historical genealogy of the symbolic forms of the city might reveal spatial manifestations and practices of power relations. Supplementing the genealogy of the symbolic forms with the analysis of social structures, it is possible to suggest a more relevant approach to study Lithuanian cities. Also, such an approach might facilitate productive cooperation between urban researchers working with different epistemological traditions.

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The Mediaeval Cemetery at 6 Bokšto St. The Orthodox Community’s Social Arena in Vilnius

Jonaitis

Kaplūnaitė

2022

Światowit

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Each burial site is a reflection of the community that left it; thus the burial rite features allow assumptions to be made about the society, its social structure, its distribution of power, the social status and economic situation of the deceased, and possible gender and age differences. The Bokšto St. inhumation cemetery, which dates to the last third of the 13th – early 15th centuries, is unique in the context of mediaeval Vilnius due to being a Christian cemetery that appeared while Lithuania was still a pagan country. It is primarily a place where the Orthodox community could demonstrate its religious affiliation in pagan Vilnius by burying its dead in accordance with its own traditions. This cemetery also reflects the community’s internal features and was a place where its members could interact, i.e. a social arena. Therefore, investigation of the cemetery’s various elements and its burial rites allows for hypotheses to be made not only about the community’s religious affiliation but also about its social structure, its connections, cultural environment and distribution of power, as well as allowing one to talk about past traditions and rituals. The wealth of assembled information makes it possible to examine this cemetery as a place that reflects the traditions of not only death but also of life.

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Modern Urban Development: Socioecological Concepts and their Reception in an Analysis of Vilnius Cityʼs Structure during 1870–1914

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Sociotopography of Vilnius: Industrial Zones and their Development (1870–1914)

Sociotopography of Vilnius: Industrial Zones and their Development (1870–1914)

Urban Studies in Lithuania: What They Display and Conceal about Vilnius

The Mediaeval Cemetery at 6 Bokšto St. The Orthodox Community’s Social Arena in Vilnius

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