Modification of novel bio‐based resin‐epoxidized soybean oil by conventional epoxy resin

Gupta, Arun; Ahmad, Sharif; Dev, Anshu

doi:10.1002/pen.21791

Cited by 89 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…When used as a matrix material in composites, the resin state is desired to be rigid/glassy, i.e., below its T g , to effectively transfer energy to fibers [19]. ESO has a moderate viscosity so ESO or their derivatives can be used as reactive diluents for the partial replacement of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resins, which are relatively high viscosity liquids or solids, to decrease the overall cost and improve the processability [20][21][22]. Generally, the mechanical strengths and thermal properties of ESO blended resins are not comparable to those of pure DGEBA epoxy resins, while their toughness can be better due to the introduction of a two phase structure [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable oil-derived epoxy monomers and polymer blends: A comparative study with review

Wang¹,

Schuman²

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

155

118

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Abstract. Glycidyl esters of epoxidized fatty acids derived from soybean oil (EGS) and linseed oil (EGL) have been synthesized to have higher oxirane content, more reactivity and lower viscosity than epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) or epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). The EGS and ESO, for comparison, were used neat and in blends with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). Thermosetting resins were fabricated with the epoxy monomers and either BF 3 catalyst or anhydride. The curing behaviors, glass transition temperatures, crosslink densities and mechanical properties were tested. The results indicated that polymer glass transition temperatures were mostly a function of oxirane content with additional influence of glycidyl versus internal oxirane reactivity, pendant chain content, and chemical structure and presence of saturated components. EGS provided better compatibility with DGEBA, improved intermolecular crosslinking and glass transition temperature, and yielded mechanically stronger polymerized materials than materials obtained using ESO. Other benefits of the EGS resin blend systems were significantly reduced viscosities compared to either DGEBA or ESO-blended DGEBA counterparts. Therefore, EGS that is derived from renewable sources has improved potential for fabrication of structural and structurally complex epoxy composites, e.g., by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable oil-derived epoxy monomers and polymer blends: A comparative study with review

Wang¹,

Schuman²

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

155

118

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“…In polyesters ESBO has mainly been used as an additive and reactive diluent to partially replace BADGE, and as such can lower the cost and improve the processability of materials [49][50][51]. In conclusion it can be stated that for anhydride cured polyesters grapeseed oil would only be a sensible substitute for soybean in blending with BADGE for low stress applications or where thermal properties are more important than strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Polyesters from Waste Grapeseed Oil: Comparison with Soybean and Rapeseed Oils

2016

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The aim of this study was to investigate the application of grapeseed oil, a waste product from the wine industry, as a renewable feedstock to make polyesters and to compare the properties of these materials with those derived from soybean and rapeseed oils. All three oils were epoxidized to give renewable epoxy monomers containing between 3.8 and 4.7 epoxides per molecule. Polymerisation was achieved with cyclic anhydrides catalysed by 4-methyl imidazole at 170 and 210°C. Polymers produced from methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (Aradur917 Ò ) had greater tensile strength and Young's Modulus (tensile strength = 12.8 MPa, Young's Modulus = 1005 MPa for grapeseed) than methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) derived materials (5.6 and 468 MPa for grapeseed) due to increased volume of MNA decreasing crosslink density. Soybean and grapeseed oils produced materials with higher tensile strength (5.6-29.3 MPa) than rapeseed derived polyesters (2.5-3.9 MPa) due to a higher epoxide functionality increasing crosslinking. T g 's of the polyesters ranged from -36 to 62°C and mirrored the trend in epoxide functionality with grapeseed producing higher T g polymers (-17 to 17°C) than soybean (-25 to 6°C) and rapeseed (-36 to -27°C). Grapeseed oil showed similar properties to soybean oil in terms of T g , thermal degradation and Young's Modulus but produced polymers of lower tensile strength.Therefore grapeseed oil would only be a viable substitute for soybean for low stress applications or where thermal properties are more important.

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“…Most of them have toxic properties for human, and recently, the studies on the new, nontoxic and biodegradable materials which could replace harmful plasticizers are developed [19]. In recent years, the intensive studies on the utilization of the epoxidized vegetable oils and biodiesel oils as plasticizers are conducted [20,21]. Also, eco-friendly plasticizers such as triacetin, tripropionin, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, tributyl 2-acetyl citrate and poly(ethylene glycol) of low molecular mass are known [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) modified with esters derivatives of 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol

Worzakowska

2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The main objective of this paper was to study the influence of the diesters derivatives of naturally occurring alcohol: 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol, on the thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical properties of bulk poly(trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) [poly(TRIM)]. The bulk poly(TRIM) networks were obtained by mixing trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate with 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 20 mass% of diesters and polymerized in the presence of 1.5 mass% of benzoyl peroxide in the temperature range from 50 to 80°C. Generally, bulk poly(TRIM) modified with esters derivatives of 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol was characterized by lower stiffness, lower glass transition temperature, lower thermal stability, lower hardness and heat deflection temperature values, and higher tensile strength and percentage elongation, especially for compositions containing higher diester content as compared to pure, bulk poly(TRIM).

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Modification of novel bio‐based resin‐epoxidized soybean oil by conventional epoxy resin

Cited by 89 publications

References 22 publications

Vegetable oil-derived epoxy monomers and polymer blends: A comparative study with review

Vegetable oil-derived epoxy monomers and polymer blends: A comparative study with review

Synthesis and Properties of Polyesters from Waste Grapeseed Oil: Comparison with Soybean and Rapeseed Oils

Poly(trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) modified with esters derivatives of 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol

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