Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber Characteristics Using Superheated Steam Treatment

Nordin, Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad; Ariffin, Hidayah; Andou, Yoshito; Hassan, Mohd Ali; Shirai, Yoshihito; Nishida, Haruo; Yunus, Wan Md Zin Wan; Karuppuchamy, S.; Ibrahim, Nor Azowa

doi:10.3390/molecules18089132

Cited by 103 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, modification is needed to improve fiber/matrix adhesion. Recently, modification of OPMF by superheated steam (Nordin et al 2013), alkaline peroxide , or silane coupling agents (Eng et al 2014b) was successfully conducted by our research group. Huda et al (2008) modified kenaf fibers using alkalization and silane treatments and then blended them with polylactic acid (PLA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber by Methacrylate Silane: Effects on Morphology, Mechanical, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites

Eng¹,

Ibrahim²,

Zainuddin³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Effects of modifying oil palm mesocarp fibers (OPMF) by methacrylate silane on polylactic acid (PLA)/ polycaprolactone (PCL)/clay/OPMF hybrid composites were investigated. The composites were prepared by a melt blending technique and characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The silane-treated OPMF hybrid composites showed better tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break than unmodified OPMF hybrid composites. DMA analysis showed an increase in storage modulus when silane-treated OPMF was added to a hybrid composite. The loss modulus curve showed that the incorporation of silane-treated OPMF into a hybrid composite shifted the two glass transition temperatures (Tg) of composites closer to each other. The low tan δ peak indicated good fiber/matrix adhesion for the silane-treated OPMF hybrid composites. SEM micrographs revealed that silane-treated OPMF hybrid composites showed better fiber/matrix adhesion than unmodified OPMF hybrid composites because of absence of gap between silane-treated OPMF and the matrix in the composite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber by Methacrylate Silane: Effects on Morphology, Mechanical, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites

Eng¹,

Ibrahim²,

Zainuddin³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…The OPF was first shredded and then pressed to remove the juice as described by Abdullah et al (2015). Raw OPMF, OPEFB, and OPF were prepared as described by Nordin et al (2013). The size of each fiber was about 8 cm to 10 cm in length, and there was no further mechanical treatment prior to the SHS treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of superheated steam (SHS) for surface modification has been recently reported, and it was shown that SHS treatment altered the properties of OPMF (Nordin et al 2013;Then et al 2014), OPEFB (Bahrin et al 2012), and OPF (Karuppuchamy et al 2015) by selective removal of hemicellulose. Moreover, the treatment resulted in the removal of silica bodies from the surface of fibers and an increase in fiber thermal stability and the removal of moisture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Nordin et al (2013), the best SHS temperature and retention time for surface modification of OPMF, in terms of hemicellulose removal, was at 230 °C/120 min, where about 70% of the hemicellulose was removed. However, at these treatment conditions, cellulose started to degrade, as can be seen by a marked reduction in the cellulose composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Superheated Steam Treatment to Improve Surface Modification of Oil Palm Biomass Fiber

et al. 2016

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Superheated steam (SHS) pretreatment is an effective method for hemicellulose removal from oil palm biomass (OPB) fiber, which leads to the surface modification of the fiber. However, the current SHS pretreatment is conducted at a high temperature and has a long retention time, which causes the removal of cellulose, which is an important component for biocomposite production. This study was conducted to optimize the SHS treatment temperature and retention time so that hemicellulose but not cellulose was removed. Three types of OPB fibers were used: oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), and oil palm frond (OPF). The chemical composition data was analyzed using a type of response surface methodology (RSM), i.e., central composite design (CCD). The optimal SHS treatment temperature and retention time were 265 °C/5 min, 280 °C/5 min, and 300 °C/9 min for OPMF, OPEFB, and OPF, respectively. The removal of hemicellulose at these temperatures was in the range of 60% to 70%, while the cellulose degradation was maintained below 5%. Statistical analysis showed that the optimal SHS treatment time can be shortened to 5 min to 9 min, which is 18 to 20 times shorter than previously reported methods.

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“…Char produced via pyrolysis of MF at 450 -800 o C and 3.5 h retention time exhibit prominent fixed carbon content and significantly less ash content [12]. In addition, MF has been reported to be suitable for all oil palm wastes applications because it comprises of fruit fibre, crushed kernels and shells [13]. It was found by [14] that PKS pyrolyzed at 750 o C, with heating rate of 10 o C/min and residence time of 1 h yielded extremely potential bio-char for carbon fuel utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential application of oil palm wastes for coal replacement

Abdullah¹,

Sulaiman²,

Safana³

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Pyrolysis experiment was conducted at operational temperature of 300 -500 o C, 2h retention time, 10 o C heating rate and N 2 flow rate of 2L/min on palm kernel shell (PKS), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesorcop fibre(MF) with an objective to classify the potential applications of bio-chars, precisely for coal replacement application. From the results obtained, the bio-char produced show the potentiality to be used as a fuel, soil improvement substance and in activated carbon applications. All the three bio-chars from MF, PKS and EFB could serve as a fuel and soil improvement applications, but for activated carbon applications such as coal replacement, PKS and MF bio-chars could be better because they produced bio-chars with excessive amount of fixed carbon contents (36.89 -61.67 wt % and 37.63 -59.11 wt % respectively) near anthracite coal than EFB.

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Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber Characteristics Using Superheated Steam Treatment

Cited by 103 publications

References 30 publications

Chemical Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber by Methacrylate Silane: Effects on Morphology, Mechanical, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites

Chemical Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber by Methacrylate Silane: Effects on Morphology, Mechanical, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites

Optimization of Superheated Steam Treatment to Improve Surface Modification of Oil Palm Biomass Fiber

Potential application of oil palm wastes for coal replacement

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