“…IPES data have been published for tetrapyrrole thin films [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and the unoccupied density of states of the CuPc adlayer on metal and semiconductor surfaces [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] or nanoparticles [ 25 ] is the most studied MPc and well characterized in the literature. The CoPc IPES literature is not as rich (see [ 20 , 21 , 28 ] and references therein).…”