Modulation of cytokines and chemokines expression by NAC in cadmium chloride treated human lung cells

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd), is one of the most hazardous metals found in the environment. Cd exposure through inhalation has been linked to various diseases in lungs. It was shown that Cd induces pro-inflammatory cytokines through oxidative stress mechanism. In this report, we studied the immuno-modulatory effect of a well known antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treated human lung A549 cells through human cytokine array 6. The lung cells were treated with 0, or 75 μM CdCl2 alone, 2.5 mM NAC alone, or co-treated with 2.5 mM NAC and 75 μM CdCl2 for 24 h. The viability of cells was measured by crystal violet dye. The array results were validated by human IL-1alpha enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The viability of the 75 μM CdCl2 alone treated cells was decreased to 44.5%, while the viability of the co-treated cells with 2.5 mM NAC was increased to 84.1% in comparison to untreated cells. In the cell lysate of CdCl2 alone treated cells, 19 and 8 cytokines were up and down-regulated, while in the medium 15 and 3 cytokines were up and down-regulated in comparison to the untreated cells. In the co-treated cells, all these cytokines expression was modulated by the NAC treatment. The IL-1α ELISA result showed the same pattern of cytokine expression as the cytokine array. This study clearly showed the modulatory effect of NAC on cytokines and chemokines expression in CdCl2-treated cells and suggests the use of NAC as protective agent against cadmium toxicity.

MIP-1α Expression Induced by Co-Stimulation of Human Monocytic Cells with Palmitate and TNF-α Involves the TLR4-IRF3 Pathway and Is Amplified by Oxidative Stress

“…We further found that resveratrol, an inhibitor of several targets such as ROS, NF-κB, and mTOR, reduced the expression of MIP-1α at gene and protein levels. Our data indicating the suppression of MIP-1α with these agents are corroborated by other reports that also show the reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and inflammation in relation to these substances [ 55 , 56 ]. Herein, we also show that a canonical TLR4 agonist LPS is more potent in inducing MIP-1α than a non-canonical inducer palmitate, whether alone or in combination with TNF-α.…”

Royal jelly attenuates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in male mice

“…Odewumi et al . 40 found that Cd highly upregulated IL-1β. In the present study, the increases in TNF-α and IL-1β were regressed by RJ pretreatment, which were consistent with previous findings of Chen et al .…”

Environmental Cadmium and Mortality from Influenza and Pneumonia in U.S. Adults

“…A number of studies have demonstrated the ability of N-acetyl cysteine, a precursor of reduced glutathione and a well-known anti-oxidant, to reduce cadmium toxicity in cultured liver and renal cells (Luo et al 2013;Odewumi et al 2011;Wang et al 2014). Further, in an experimental study of human lung cells exposed to cadmium chloride, treatment with N-acetyl cysteine was found to improve viability from 44.5% to 84.1%, with concomitant reductions in the numbers of cytokines that were up-and down-regulated (Odewumi et al 2016).…”