Modulation of the inflammatory reaction and neutrophil defense of the bovine lactating mammary gland by growth hormone☆

Burvenich, Christian; Paape, Max; Hoeben, Dagmar; Dosogne, Hilde; Massart-Leen, Am; Blum, J. W.

doi:10.1016/s0739-7240(99)00032-6

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Next to the changes in the cellular blood picture, composition of extracellular water (internal sea; [37]) also changes. The concept of a well-balanced inflammatory response where pro-and anti-inflammatory local mediators, such as cytokines, regulate the outcome of the inflammatory process, is also applicable to systemic factors [34]. The inflammatory reaction is a rapid and mainly a non-specific defence that is accompanied by the release and/or "de novo synthesis" of specific and non-specific molecules, such as systemic and tissue hormones and (poly)peptides.…”

Section: Cow Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact mechanism of how rbST affects the recovery of the secretory epithelium during mastitis remains unknown. During coliform mastitis bST concentration is higher in challenged cows, IGF-I increases in whey of the infected glands [34,209], and IGF binding proteins also increase in the whey of infected glands [209]. The endogenous release of bST and IGF-I during mastitis might be considered as a homeostatic mechanism involved in the resolution of the inflammatory response.…”

Section: Effect Of Rbst On Milk Loss During Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rbST or its intermediary IGF that increases in milk whey during mastitis, may have interfered with apoptotic factors that are released during mastitis and that induce cell death. It is also not excluded that rbST may have had an indirect effect on mastitis through enhancing the defence system of the cow [34]. Elvinger et al [71] showed that administration of rbST to cows increased lymphocyte blastogenesis but not phagocytosis and killing of E. coli by PMN.…”

Section: Effect Of Rbst On Milk Loss During Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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-Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss.

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Section: Cow Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Rbst On Milk Loss During Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Rbst On Milk Loss During Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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“…A reduced expression of L-selectin on bovine PMN around parturition has been reported [98,113]. This reduction in L-selectin may have a negative impact on the ability of PMN to be recruited into the mammary gland, and could contribute to the increase in intramammary infection around parturition [28,106]. L-selectin mRNA expression as a consequence of elevated plasma glucocorticoids is correlated to reduced surface expression of L-selectin on bovine PMN [184].…”

Section: Adhesion Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although PMN function is related to the outcome of intramammary infection, therapeutic use of cytokines during clinical mastitis to enhance function has not been very promising because of detrimental side effects. On the other hand, rbosomatotrophin (BST) which also increases oxidative burst activity is used to reduce clinical symptoms of mastitis in dairy cows [28,74]. Cows receiving BST in order to improve milk yield have fewer days of lost milk production due to clinical mastitis than cows not receiving BST [86].…”

Section: Bactericidal and Respiratory Burst Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

Paape¹,

Bannerman²,

et al. 2003

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-Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland provide the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens. Bacteria release potent toxins that activate white blood cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland to secrete cytokines that recruit PMN that function as phagocytes at the site of infection. While freshly migrated PMN are active phagocytes, continued exposure of PMN to inhibitory factors in milk such as fat globules and casein, leads to altered PMN morphology and reduced phagocytosis. In the course of phagocytosing and destroying invading pathogens, PMN release chemicals that not only kill the pathogens but that also cause injury to the delicate lining of the mammary gland. This will result in permanent scarring and reduced numbers of milk secretory cells. The life span of PMN is limited by the onset of apoptosis. To minimize damage to mammary tissue, PMN undergo a specialized process of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Macrophages quickly engulf and phagocytose apoptotic PMN, thereby minimizing the release of PMN granular contents that are damaging to tissue. The PMN possess an array of cell surface receptors that allow them to adhere and migrate through endothelium and to recognize and phagocytose bacteria. One receptor found on phagocytes that is receiving considerable attention in the control of infections by Gram-negative bacteria is CD14. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to membrane bound CD14 causes release of tumor necrosis factor-a and sepsis. Binding of LPS to soluble CD14 shed from CD14-bearing cells results in neutralization of LPS and rapid recruitment of PMN to the site of infection. Recent advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics should greatly enhance our understanding of the PMN role in controlling intramammary infections in ruminants. Further, manipulation of PMN, through either recombinant proteins such as soluble CD14 that enhance PMN response or agents that mediate PMN apoptosis, may serve as novel therapeutics for the treatment of mastitis.

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LACTATION | Galactopoiesis, Effect of bST Treatment

Capuco¹

2002

Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences

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Modulation of the inflammatory reaction and neutrophil defense of the bovine lactating mammary gland by growth hormone☆

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

LACTATION | Galactopoiesis, Effect of bST Treatment

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