Mohenjo-Daro, city of the Indus Valley

Jansen, Michael

doi:10.1016/0160-9327(85)90072-9

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As for the specific case of the Indus civilization sites, archaeological evidence shows that in the Bronze Age city of Harappa a fired brick protective bund was constructed against floods. In Moenjodaro not only the citadel was built on a large mud brick platform against floods (Jansen 1985), but for the same reason smaller mud brick platforms were constructed as bases for single buildings (Beth et al, 2004). Cooper and Dawson (1989) mention that the platforms are rather made of fired brick, but actually this might be used only for the cladding of mud brick ramparts: 'the Indus valley, along which the civilization emerged, owes its fertility in part to annual flooding.…”

Section: History Of Mitigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Monsoon Rain Mitigation Measures in the World Heritage Site of Moenjodaro, Pakistan

Fodde¹,

Khan²

2013

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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The paper provides an overview of environmental monitoring, monsoon rain deterioration effects, and affordable monitoring measures implemented in the 52km of exposed walls of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Moenjodaro (Sindh, Pakistan). The site was first excavated in 1922 and, after inscription in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1980, it became the experimental ground for several national and international consultants who advised on wide ranging protection and consolidation methods against monsoon rain attack. The aim of this paper is to make a review of affordable traditional mitigation measures in use at the site, and of their effect in terms of heavy rain defence. More recent mitigation techniques are examined also, and their effectiveness in terms of heavy rain defence is discussed. Finally, a case study on the monsoon preparation work carried out in two areas of Moenjodaro is examined.

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Section: History Of Mitigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Monsoon Rain Mitigation Measures in the World Heritage Site of Moenjodaro, Pakistan

Fodde¹,

Khan²

2013

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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“…Starting in 1979, renewed investigations at the site have provided detailed documentation of over 10 ha of exposed architectural remains (Jansen, 1993a;Jansen and Urban, 1985). These combined investigations revealed the presence of a massive retaining wall around the elevated "citadel" portion of the site, platform mounds under individual buildings and groups of buildings, extensive drains, and over 700 wells.…”

Section: Urban Developments Of the Indus (Harappan) Period (2500-1900mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Archaeology of South Asian Cities

Smith

2006

J Archaeol Res

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Urbanism in the Indian subcontinent occurred in three distinct time periods in which cultural cohesion over large regions is archaeologically demonstrated through the architecture and artifacts of social, ritual, and economic activity. In the Indus (2500-1900 B.C.) and Early Historic (3rd century B.C. to 4th century A.D.) periods, cities were not necessarily tied to political territories or guided by strong political leaders, but by the Medieval period (after the 9th century A.D.), urban zones were the base for political growth, warfare, and aggrandizement. The comparison of these three eras is undertaken within a framework for defining cities that balances quantitative criteria such as population size and areal extent with two types of qualitative criteria: internal specialization on the basis of materials found within archaeological sites, and external specialization on the basis of data recovered through regional analysis. Cities from the three eras also are evaluated from the perspective of the ordinary inhabitant through the examination of the social, religious, and economic factors that prompted and rewarded urban residence. While the Indus and Early Historic cities were attractive because of the networks of opportunity found there, Medieval cities additionally benefitted from a "push" factor as ordinary inhabitants allied themselves to urban areas in times of political stress and uncertainty.

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“…The dry season decreased the previous frequent floods, and now water management was easier than the past (Petrie et al 2017 andWright et al 2008). Other than agriculture, pastoralism and animal husbandry provided staple food source during the urban period, which like agriculture intensified (Possehl 2003 andJansen 1985).…”

Section: Subsistence Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan

Kumar

Ali

Khoso

2020

GSR

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Indus Valley Civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world dating back to 7000BCE. The explored sites of the civilization span present day Pakistan and India. The following paper explore the Indus Valley Civilization through the sites in Pakistan. The paper highlights feature of various stages of the Indus Valley, for example, Early Food Producing Era (7000-4000 BCE), Regionalization Era – Early Harappan Era (4000-2600 BCE), Integration Era (Early Harappan Phase) (2600 – 1900), Localization Era (Late Harappan Phase) (1900 – 1300), and Indus Valley from 1300 BCE to Present. In doing so, the paper discusses the geography, environment, material culture, subsistence patterns, political and social organization of each era. Finally, it explores the various theories of decline of Indus Valley Civilization, drawing on various sources. In the conclusion, the paper provides recommendations for future focus on the archaeological sites in Pakistan enhance our understanding of the civilizations.

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Mohenjo-Daro, city of the Indus Valley

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Affordable Monsoon Rain Mitigation Measures in the World Heritage Site of Moenjodaro, Pakistan

Affordable Monsoon Rain Mitigation Measures in the World Heritage Site of Moenjodaro, Pakistan

The Archaeology of South Asian Cities

Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan

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