Moisture and Hydrogen Release in Optoelectronic Hermetic Packages

Albarghouti, Marwan; Dahdah, N. El; Perosevic, Goran; Jain, S.; Papillon, J.-M.; Fernandez, Sammie

doi:10.4071/imaps.403

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Whether in small electronics packaging or large transportation drums, hydrogen gas inside a sealed container can have dangerous or deleterious effects. For example, in hermetically sealed optoelectronic packages, excess hydrogen degrades the performance of integrated circuits and even contributes to the production of moisture inside the package . From a safety standpoint, limiting the concentration of flammable hydrogen gas inside containers during transportation is essential, especially when transporting transuranic waste. , In these and other applications, “hydrogen getters” provide a method of reducing the quantity of undesirable hydrogen present in a sealed system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

et al. 2022

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A class of molecules called “hydrogen getters” can react with, or scavenge, H2 in applications where the hydrogen presence and/or buildup are not desirable. One such “getter”, 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene or DEB, can be incorporated into a silicone matrix in the form of an O-ring for added flexibility, environmental resiliency, and convenient use as a gasket in sealed applications. However, the performance and kinetics of this DEB-loaded rubberized O-ring have not yet been characterized. In this work, the hydrogen uptake kinetics of the rubberized DEB O-ring were extracted by the isoconversional analysis from isothermal isobaric data under conditions of 13,332 Pa H2 and 305–325 K. The isoconversional and cylindrical diffusion approximations were then used to predict and model the hydrogen uptake of rubberized DEB O-rings under any arbitrary condition, as illustrated in this work for the simple case of a constant rate of hydrogen generation/input. In comparison with other Pd/carbon-based/organic getter systems, these rubberized DEB O-rings provide a type of hydrogen getter material with enhanced flexibility and catalyst protection in applications where an O-ring seal is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

et al. 2022

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“…There are several problems induced by the presence of harmful gases. For instance, H2 is responsible of electrical performance degradation, it can diffuse through metal layers of active components, causing shifts in currents and transconductance [4,5], it can reacts with surface oxides inside hermetic packages promoting the formation of moisture [6].…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Getter Technology in Electronic Hermetic Packaging

Mauri,

Zafarana,

Rizzi

et al. 2024

IMAPSource Proceedings

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Hermetic packaging is a well-established technology used for sealing electronic and optoelectronic devices. A reliable and enabling way to preserve the proper stable atmosphere conditions in hermetic packages is the integration of engineered getter solutions, specifically designed for the characteristics of different packaged systems. Getter solutions may vary from sintered, compressed or sputtered metallic alloys for vacuum sealed packages to dispensable hybrid organic-inorganic materials for gas back filled devices. The paper will present the main features of getter materials suitable for different type of packages and will show their efficiency in absorbing detrimental gases in the devices.

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“…The presence of this gas typically results in electrical performance degradations. For example, hydrogen can diffuse through metal layers, causing shifts in currents and trans-conductance [2][3][4], or it can reacts with surface oxides inside hermetic packages promoting the formation of moisture [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored gas-absorbing materials for packaged opto-electronic devices

Zafarana

Riva

Mauri

et al. 2023

Optical Interconnects XXIII

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Recently special gas-adsorbing materials have been developed to capture gaseous contaminants such as moisture, organics and hydrogen in Optical Transceivers, multiplexers, and laser diodes that otherwise may be detrimentally affected by these gases. Hermetically sealed, or semi-hermetic packages are often used to protect High-Reliability Opto-electronic devices from possible damages due to atmospheric gases and harsh environment, aiming for higher performances and longer lifetime of the modules. Nevertheless, sealed devices may experience issues from internal outgassing of gas species like H2O, H2, and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) released by inner materials or components. As reported in MIL-STD-883, the moisture limit of 5,000 ppm is specified as the critical concentration for which evident corrosion mechanisms are observed in integrated circuits and hybrid components. Moisture can be a problem in several PIC (Photonic Integrated Circuits) devices. It is also known that moisture and hydrogen may have negative effects in High Speed Optical Transceivers or that VOCs may cause problems in Laser Diode modules. Special Getter Materials integrated in the packages – especially in their lids – can successfully fix these issues. New getter materials have been developed to sorb the detrimental gases. In particular they have been designed to cope with MIL requirement for moisture and to ensure very low water concentration, even well below 1,000 ppm. Depending on the device and on the amounts of detrimental gases to be sorbed the getter can be selected and properly sized. It is usually activated by heating in vacuum or nitrogen, immediately before the sealing of the device package.

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Moisture and Hydrogen Release in Optoelectronic Hermetic Packages

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

Evolution of Getter Technology in Electronic Hermetic Packaging

Tailored gas-absorbing materials for packaged opto-electronic devices

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