Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Tests of COVID-19: Current Status and Challenges

Kilic, Tugba; Weissleder, Ralph; Lee, Hakho

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101406

Cited by 168 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Several non-PCR based isothermal amplification techniques such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), strand displacement amplification (SDA) and nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) still require high temperatures of 95°C to denature dsDNA (Lee et al, 2019 ); (c.) NAATs require additional steps of DNA/RNA extraction and purification which add to complexity and delay in results (Walker and Hsieh, 2019 ); (d.) The diagnostic performance of NAATs is dependent on the type of sample used and can be affected by several amplification inhibitors present in unprocessed samples (Al-Soud and Rådström, 2001 ; Sidstedt et al, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2019 ). (e.) Isothermal amplification techniques such as LAMP requires more than three primers therefore there is a high risk of primer dimer formation which can lead to false positives and undermine the accuracy of the POC test results (Becherer et al, 2020 ); (f.) Several isothermal NAAT technologies are still proprietary thereby posing a challenge to cost effectiveness as a POC (Kilic et al, 2020 ); (g.) Multiplex LAMP assays are still limited as compared to PCR (Sahoo et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Commonly Employed Poct Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions

Sachdeva

Davis

Saha

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

182

108

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Point-of-care testing (POCT) allows physicians to detect and diagnose diseases at or near the patient site, faster than conventional lab-based testing. The importance of POCT is considerably amplified in the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous point-of-care tests and diagnostic devices are available in the market including, but not limited to, glucose monitoring, pregnancy and infertility testing, infectious disease testing, cholesterol testing and cardiac markers. Integrating microfluidics in POCT allows fluid manipulation and detection in a singular device with minimal sample requirements. This review presents an overview of two technologies - (a.) Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and (b.) Nucleic Acid Amplification - upon which a large chunk of microfluidic POCT diagnostics is based, some of their applications, and commercially available products. Apart from this, we also delve into other microfluidic-based diagnostics that currently dominate the in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) market, current testing landscape for COVID-19 and prospects of microfluidics in next generation diagnostics.

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Section: Commonly Employed Poct Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions

Sachdeva

Davis

Saha

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

182

108

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“…Multiple pioneer companies, including Stilla and Bio-Rad, use ddPCR for the detection of COVID-19 using an ultra-low amount of RNA without standard curves [ 53 , 54 ]. The method has higher sensitivity (~10 −2 copy/µL) compared to standard PCR, which can detect very low viral loads [ 55 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Detection At Poc Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point of Care Diagnostics in the Age of COVID-19

et al. 2020

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The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated serious respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses a major threat to global public health. Owing to the lack of vaccine and effective treatments, many countries have been overwhelmed with an exponential spread of the virus and surge in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Current standard diagnostic methods are inadequate for widespread testing as they suffer from prolonged turn-around times (>12 h) and mostly rely on high-biosafety-level laboratories and well-trained technicians. Point-of-care (POC) tests have the potential to vastly improve healthcare in several ways, ranging from enabling earlier detection and easier monitoring of disease to reaching remote populations. In recent years, the field of POC diagnostics has improved markedly with the advent of micro- and nanotechnologies. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, POC technologies have been rapidly innovated to address key limitations faced in existing standard diagnostic methods. This review summarizes and compares the latest available POC immunoassay, nucleic acid-based and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats- (CRISPR)-mediated tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection that we anticipate aiding healthcare facilities to control virus infection and prevent subsequent spread.

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“…Under this Cas, protein has different utilities in gene editing (Cas9) and diagnosis (Cas12a and Cas13a). Recently, CRISPR/Cas13 system has been exploited for the detection of Covid 19 in SHERLOCK [specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking (Kilic et al, 2020)] technology by Broughton et al (2020). In the coronavirus genome, Cas13 is targeted to the S and ORF1ab protein genes, where it binds and initiates the random cleavage of ssRNA.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

Kamaraj¹

2020

Front. Nanotechnol.

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The field of bio-nano interfaces paves the way for a better understanding, development, and implementation of the advanced biotechnological process. Interfacing biomolecules with the nanomaterials will result in the development of new tools and techniques that, in turn, will enable to explore the fundamental process at the nano level and fabricate cost-effective portable devices. Fascinating biomolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins in the regime of nanoscale are intelligent materials that are capable of storing the information and controlling the basic structure and function of the complex biological systems. Following this concept, the current pandemic situation would be a natural selection process, where the selective pressure is on the ssRNA of Covid-19 to choose the suitable progeny for survival. Consequently, the interaction of human DNA invoking response with Covid-19 happens at the nanoscale and it could be a better candidate to provoke combat against the virus. The extent of this interaction would give us the insights at the nanotechnological level to tackle the prevention, diagnosis and treatment for Covid-19. Herein, the possible features and obstacles in Covid-19 and a probable solution from the advent of nanotechnology are discussed to address the current necessity. Moreover, the perspective sustainable green graph mask that can be prepared using green plant extract/graphene (Bio-Nano composite mask) is suggested for the possible protection of virus-like Covid-19. The composite material will not only effectively trap the virus but also inactivate the virus due to the presence of antiviral compounds in the plant extracts.

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Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Tests of COVID-19: Current Status and Challenges

Cited by 168 publications

References 87 publications

Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions

Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions

Point of Care Diagnostics in the Age of COVID-19

The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

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