Molecular and pathogenicity characterization of Fusarium oxysporum species complex associated with Fusarium wilt of common bean in Brazil

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the main pulse crops of Pakistan. The yield of chickpea is affected by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Due to their environmentally friendly nature, different nanoparticles are being synthesized and applied to economically important crops. In the present study, Trichoderma harzianum has been used as a stabilizing and reducing agent for the mycosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Before their application to control Fusarium wilt of chickpea, synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the average size (13 nm) of ZnO NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated their spherical structure, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) confirmed the oxide formation of ZnO NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) described the size and shape of nanoparticles, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy displayed the presence of reducing and stabilizing chemical compounds (alcohol, carboxylic acid, amines, and alkyl halide). Successfully characterized ZnO NPs exhibited significant mycelial growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum, in vitro. In a greenhouse pot experiment, the priming of chickpea seeds with ZnO NPs significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated plants and they displayed 90% less disease incidence than the control. Seed priming with ZnO NPs helped plants to accumulate higher quantities of sugars, phenol, total proteins, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to create resistance against wilt pathogen. These nanofungicides were produced in powder form and they can easily be transferred and used in the field to control Fusarium wilt of chickpea.

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“…The information of standard conidial and morphological characteristics revealed this pathogen to be Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungus isolate was identified, based on the sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The CTAB method was used for the extraction of fungal DNA [ 20 ]. The quality and quantity of the extracted DNA were checked using Nanodrop ® .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO Nanoparticle-Mediated Seed Priming Induces Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in Chickpea to Alleviate Fusarium Wilt

Farhana

Munis

Alamer

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…de Carvalho Paulino et al. (2022) using the same methodology of Lombard et al. (2019) found the species F. nirenbergiae , F. fabacearum , and the possibly of two new species inside isolates of F. oxysporum that infect common bean in Brazil.…”

Section: Origin Classification and Symptomatologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to the results of de Carvalho Paulino et al. (2022), the 15 cryptic taxa by Lombard et al. (2019) can be expanded.…”

Section: Origin Classification and Symptomatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium wilt–common bean pathosystem: Pathogen variability and genetic control

et al. 2023

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Sustainable management of plant diseases has been a challenge in the effort to feed a human population that has increased substantially. One of the main diseases that affect common bean and dry bean is Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), which can cause losses of up to 100% in crop production. The Fop infection process starts in the roots, followed by colonization and obstruction of xylem vessels, leading to leaf wilting, vascular discoloration, chlorosis, dwarfism, and premature plant death. Fop show high genetic variability, and seven different physiological races have been reported in different regions of the world. There is also a study in which the formae specialis designation has been replaced by Fusarium species. Different studies in common bean have shown that physical, biological, and chemical changes are involved in the Fop resistance mechanism and in the Fusarium and common bean pathosystem. Many studies have been conducted to detect candidate genes and pathways associated with resistance to Fop. This work offers useful information for advancing common bean resistance breeding.

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“…FOP can penetrate plants through the root system and colonizes the xylem, causing wilting, vascular discoloration, chlorosis, dwarfism and premature plant death [ 4 ]. Based on the pathogenicity with different common bean genotypes, FOP was reported to have seven physiological races, with different regions having different physiological races around the world [ 5 ]. However, with the cultivation of resistant varieties, new virulent groups of FOP have also been detected [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Provides Insight into the Evolution of Genomes and Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum Species

Hao

Ping

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of cowpea fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cowpea production in China. In this study, a sample of cowpea fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using the methods of morphological characters and molecular detection. We further reported the first genome assembly for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, with 53.7 Mb genome sequence comprising 14,694 genes. Comparative genomic analysis among five Fusarium oxysporum genomes showed that four accessory chromosomes in the five Fusarium oxysporum display similar characteristics, with low sequence similarity (55.35%, vs. overall average of 81.76%), low gene density (2.18 genes/10 kb vs. 3.02 genes/Mb) and highly transposable element density (TEs) (15.01/100 kb vs. 4.89/100 kb), indicating that variable accessory chromosomes are the main source of Fusarium oxysporum evolution. We identified a total of 100 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli-specific effectors in the genome and found 13 specific effector genes located in large insertion or deletion regions, suggesting that insertion or deletion events can cause the emergence of species-specific effectors in Fusarium oxysporum. Our genome assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli provides a valuable resource for the study of cowpea fusarium wilt, and the comparative genomic study of Fusarium oxysporum could contribute to the knowledge of genome and effector-associated pathogenicity evolution in Fusarium oxysporum study.

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Molecular and pathogenicity characterization of Fusarium oxysporum species complex associated with Fusarium wilt of common bean in Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

ZnO Nanoparticle-Mediated Seed Priming Induces Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in Chickpea to Alleviate Fusarium Wilt

ZnO Nanoparticle-Mediated Seed Priming Induces Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in Chickpea to Alleviate Fusarium Wilt

Fusarium wilt–common bean pathosystem: Pathogen variability and genetic control

The Genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Provides Insight into the Evolution of Genomes and Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum Species

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