Molecular carcinogenesis of gastric cancer: Lauren classification, mucin phenotype expression, and cancer stem cells

Oue, Naohide; Sentani, Kazuhiro; Sakamoto, Naoya; Uraoka, Naohiro; Yasui, Wataru

doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01443-9

Cited by 72 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In addition to presenting phenotypic differences, diffuse GC also have specific molecular profiles, and carcinogenesis features, that differentiate it from the intestinal type. Looking at the molecular profiles of diffuse and intestinal types, there are important differences that strengthen the hypothesis that there are two diverse tumors [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Molecular Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diffuse-type gastric cancer epidemiology enigma

et al. 2020

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Background: Intestinal and diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas differ in clinical, epidemiological and molecular features. However, most of the concepts related to the intestinal-type are translated to gastric adenocarcinoma in general; thus, the peculiarities of the diffuse-type are underappreciated. Results: Besides its growing importance, there are many gaps about the diffuse-type carcinogenesis and, as a result, its epidemiologic and pathogenetic features remain poorly understood. Conclusions: Alternative hypotheses to explain these features are discussed, including the role of the gastric microbiota, medical therapies, and modifications in the stomach's microenvironment. Background Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, although a reduction in incidence has been observed [1, 2]. Whereas these are different histology entities [3], intestinal and diffuse Lauren's GAC types are jointly considered when interpreting epidemiological data, and when contemplating interventional approaches aiming to reduce gastric cancer (GC) burden [1, 2]. Since the intestinal-GAC has been historically the most often studied type, data from this tumor are usually extrapolated to the diffuse-GAC. However, when examining and interpreting carcinogens and the epidemiology of diffuse-type carcinogenesis, inconsistences with regard to intestinal-type are evident [3]. These differences should be considered when trying to understand its specific pathogenesis and to apply this knowledge to develop interventional approaches. Our purpose in this commentary is to discuss some of the issues surrounding the diffuse-type GAC and to offer hypothesis to shed light on these features. Epidemiology GC was responsible for more than 1,000,000 new cases in 2018 with an estimated 783,000 deaths, being the fifth most frequent and the third leading cause of cancer death. The global incidence of GC varies markedly, with the highest burden observed in some of the less developed areas of the world. Asia, Eastern Europe and South America account for most GC cases and, thus, for their high mortality rates [1]. GAC is the most common type of GC, being classically classified, according to Lauren, as intestinal-or diffuse-types [2]. GAC incidence has been declining since 1930's [1], mainly due to the marked decrease of the intestinal-type. A decreasing trend of the intestinal-and a stable or increasing trend of the diffuse-type have been found in both high and low GC risk areas [4, 5]. However, the incidence in Korean Americans has declined during recent years, for both cardia and non-cardia sites and for both intestinal-and diffuse-type histology [6]. Several factors can explain the decreased incidence of GAC, including

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Section: Molecular Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diffuse-type gastric cancer epidemiology enigma

et al. 2020

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“…CD44, a cell surface adhesion marker expressed by cancer stem cells (CSC) [ 73 ] has been reported as overexpressed in GC spheroids [ 64 ]. Oue et al showed that KIFC1 and KIF11, two members of the kinesin-14 family, were overexpressed in spheroids compared to parental cells [ 74 , 75 ], while their knockdown inhibited spheroid formation [ 74 , 76 ]. In a similar context, this group also reported the under-expression of the claspin (CLSPN) gene, which codes for a nuclear protein involved in DNA replication and S-phase regulation, in spheroids [ 77 ].…”

Section: Three D Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Culture Systems in Gastric Cancer Research

Alzeeb

Metges

Corcos

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Gastric cancer (GC), which includes cancer of the esophagus, the oesophagogastric junction, and the stomach fundus, is highly deadly with strong regional influence, Asia being the most affected. GC is often detected at late stages, with 30% of metastatic cases at diagnosis. Many authors have devised models to both unravel the mechanisms of GC development and to evaluate candidate therapeutics. Among these models, 2D-cell cultures are progressively replaced by 3D-cell cultures that recapitulate, much more comprehensively, tumor cellular and genetic heterogeneity, as well as responsiveness to environmental changes, such as exposure to drugs or irradiation. With respect to the specifics of GC, there are high hopes from such model systems, especially with the aim of identifying prognostic markers and novel drug targets.

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“…Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Multiple genetic or epigenetic factors are thought to contribute to the carcinogenesis of GC [14]. Despite the tremendous progress achieved in GC research over several decades, the survival prognosis of advanced GC remains poor [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Annexin A10 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Early Gastric Cancer

Ishikawa

Kuraoka

Zaitsu

et al. 2020

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The diagnosis and treatment of early GC is a crucial strategy for prognostic improvement of GC. Annexin A10 (ANXA10), a calcium-/phospholipid-binding protein, is a member of the annexin family. The significance of ANXA10 expression in early GC remains unclear. This is the first report to investigate ANXA10 expression in early GC. We performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate ANXA10 expression in early GC, and the correlation between ANXA10 and clinicopathological factors. The loss of ANXA10 expression was detected in 63 (61.2%) of 103 early GC cases and significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients. Sex, pT stage, pN stage, histology, and ANXA10 expression were associated with poor survival. Sex, histology, and ANXA10 expression were determined as independent predictors of survival in early GC patients. ANXA10 immunostaining could be a new decision-making biomarker in GC.

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Molecular carcinogenesis of gastric cancer: Lauren classification, mucin phenotype expression, and cancer stem cells

Cited by 72 publications

References 71 publications

The diffuse-type gastric cancer epidemiology enigma

The diffuse-type gastric cancer epidemiology enigma

Three-Dimensional Culture Systems in Gastric Cancer Research

Loss of Annexin A10 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Early Gastric Cancer

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