Molecular characterization of biochars and their influence on microbiological properties of soil

Chintala, Rajesh; Schumacher, Thomas E.; Kumar, Sandeep; Malo, D. D.; Rice, James A.; Bleakley, Bruce H.; Chilom, Gabriela; Clay, David E.; Julson, James; Papiernik, Sharon K.; Gu, Zheng Rong

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074

Cited by 154 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, the impact of biochar on the soil physical and biological properties has been mixed. For example, Chintala et al (2014b) reported that biochar reduced CO 2 emission, whereas Fernández et al (2014) and Wang et al (2012a) reported that biochar did not infl uence or increased emission. Mixed results could be attributed to biochar having diff erent impacts on diff erent components of the N cycle, and that GHG emissions are impacted by the process used to produce biochar (Singh et al, 2010;Castaldi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011Wang et al, , 2012aWang et al, , 2012bZimmerman et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Case et al, 2012;Kammann et al, 2012;Cayuela et al, 2013;Clough et al, 2013;Biederman and Harpole, 2012;Chintala et al, 2014aChintala et al, , 2014cFernández et al, 2014;Song et al, 2014;Prommer et al, 2014;Creamer et al, 2014;Nelissen et al, 2014;Mollinedo et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biochar Reduced Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soil with Different Water and Temperature Cycles

Chang

Clay

et al. 2016

Agronomy Journal

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Interactions among biochar, respiration, nitrification, and soils can result in biochar increasing, decreasing, or not impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This experiment determined the impact of water‐filled porosity (WFP) and corn (Zea mays L.) stover biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions in May (spring) and August (summer). The May experiment contained two N rates [0 and 224 kg Ca(NO3)2–N ha−1], whereas the August had three N rates [0, 224 kg Ca(NO3)2–N ha−1, and 224 kg (NH4)2SO4–N ha−1]. The average temperatures in the May and Augusts 2014 experiments were 14 and 24°C, respectively. Biochar reduced CO2–C emissions in the high WFP Ca(NO3)2 treatment in the May and August experiments 15.4 and 16.3 kg ha−1, respectively. Associated with the CO2–C decrease was a 15.7% reduction in the soil solution dissolved organic C. In addition, N2O–N and CO2–C emissions were not correlated in the May Ca(NO3)2 ha−1 treatment, whereas in the August experiment, N2O–N and CO2–C emissions were correlated (r2 = 0.98, P < 0.01). In August, biochar increased the apparent nitrification from 16 to 25 kg NH4–N (ha × d)−1 in the low WFP (NH4)2SO4 treatment, and it did not influence the nitrification rate in the high WFP (NH4)2SO4 treatment. In general, N2O–N emissions increased with WFP and N rate and were reduced 21.7% by biochar. The findings suggest that multiple mechanisms contributed to N2O emissions and seasonal differences in soil temperature could result in biochar having a mixed impact on GHG emissions.Core Ideas Biochar reduces CO2 gas emission from soil in high soil temperature. Biochar reduces N2O gas emission from soil in high soil temperature. Biochar reduces N2O gas emission from high water‐filled porosity condition.

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confidence: 99%

Biochar Reduced Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soil with Different Water and Temperature Cycles

Chang

Clay

et al. 2016

Agronomy Journal

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“…Carbon to nitrogen ratio (USDA NRCS, 1977) may not be the commanding factor responsible for the amount of stable organic carbon sequestered by crop plants into the soil. As Chintala et al (2015aChintala et al ( , 2015b reported, hydrophobicity especially of the lignin content may also influence the mineralization of soil organic matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Soil organic matter (SOM) is rich in lignin. Plant peroxidases participate in the biosynthesis of lignin, a complex biomaterial whose carbon content is associated with the improvement of the aggregation, chemical, and agricultural properties of the soil (Bauer & Black, 1994;Li-xia & Jian-jun, 2003;Eynard et al, 2004;Qiu et al, 2012;Chintala et al, 2015a). Lignin is a product of the polymerization of one or more of sinapyl, cinnamyl, and coniferyl alcohols precursors to give rise to the syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units respectively in the lignin structure (Higuachi, 1985;Fukushima, 2001;Kalsoom et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Lignin Structural Units and Soil Organic Carbon Content by Cowpea Peroxidase

Osuji¹,

Madu²,

Duffus³

et al. 2016

JAS

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Peroxidases participate in lignin biosynthesis, but there is no biochemical resolution between the structural units of lignin and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Black-eyed beans are staple high-protein foods for millions of at-risk populations in every continent. Its cultivation in semiarid zones could be leveraged to maximize SOC sequestration. Cowpea was treated with stoichiometric mixes of mineral nutrients. Peroxidase was electrophoretically purified from leaves, and assayed for o-dianisidine (guaiacyl units) and pyrogallol (p-hydroxyphenyl units) substrate specificities. Lignin, and SOC compositions were determined by gravimetry. Sulfate-treated cowpea produced the highest lignin (318.88 kg·ha ). The high SOC sequestration technology involving fertilization with stoichiometric mixes of mineral nutrients could enable limited resource farmers who cultivate cowpeas as cover crop in the Sahel to improve SOM while producing their staple crop.

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“…Freshly produced biochar is hydrophobic and contains few polar, functional groups at the surface (Cheng, Lehmann, Thies, & Burton, 2008;Chintala et al, 2014b). Biochar however develops reactive surfaces with time after exposure to water and oxygen in the soil, which allows it to adsorb nutrients, reduce leaching (B. Singh, B. P. Singh, & Cowie, 2010;Chintala et al, 2013a;Chintala et al, 2013b) and contribute to increased fertilizer use efficiency.…”

Section: Vegetative Growth Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high surface area and porosity of biochar enable it to adsorb or retain nutrients and water (Chintala et al, 2013a;Chintala et al, 2013b), provide habitat for beneficial microorganisms to flourish and reduce the soil's nutrient depletion rate. Biochar also maintains a maximum amount of C in the soil as a result of its stability against microbial decay (Baldock & Smernik, 2002;Chintala et al, 2013a;Chintala, 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Biochar and Inorganic Fertilizer in Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Production in a Forest Agroecological Zone

Akom¹,

Oti-Boateng²,

Otoo³

et al. 2015

JAS

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Yam production is characterized by low fertilizer input and annual shifting in search for fertile lands. This practice usually leads to reduction in the yield potential of the crop and destruction of the environment. Biochar additions through its ability to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields could be used to solve these problems. This study therefore investigated the effect of biochar and inorganic fertilizer application on yam production in a forest agro ecological zone in Ghana. A 4×3 factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design with three replications was used. The treatments consisted of four application rates of wood shaving biochar (0 t ha -1 , 5 t ha -1 , 10 t ha -1 and 15 t ha -1 ) and three inorganic fertilizer rates ( 0-0-0 N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O kg ha . No significant differences in soil parameters in response to the treatment were observed, with the exception of total N, where a decline was observed for all the treatments compared to the controls after harvest. Vegetative growth parameters of yam were not significantly influenced by biochar and inorganic fertilizer application. The number of seed yams per hectare was the only yield parameter that was significantly (p = 0.05) decreased by biochar application. Dry matter, production was also significantly (p = 0.05) increased by fertilizer application at 24 weeks after planting and at harvest. It is suggested that aged and higher rates of biochar would efficiently support yam production.

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Molecular characterization of biochars and their influence on microbiological properties of soil

Cited by 154 publications

References 58 publications

Biochar Reduced Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soil with Different Water and Temperature Cycles

Biochar Reduced Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soil with Different Water and Temperature Cycles

Regulated Lignin Structural Units and Soil Organic Carbon Content by Cowpea Peroxidase

Effect of Biochar and Inorganic Fertilizer in Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Production in a Forest Agroecological Zone

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